NUERO

Question 1

name two structural divisions of the nervous system?

Answer 1

CNS/PNS

Question 2

name two functional divisions of the nerous sytem?

Answer 2

ANS Autonomic / SNS somatic

Question 3

Autonomic ANS

Answer 3

Connects the CNS to the visceral organs via the cranial and spinal nerves, initiating involuntary responses

Question 4

SNS somoatic

Answer 4

connects the cns to the skinand skeletal muscles via the cranial and spinal nerves initiating involuntary responses

Question 5

name the two subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system

Answer 5

sympathetic, parasympathetic

Question 6

sympathetic

Answer 6

response prepares the body to deal with emergencies through expenditure of energy “fight or flight” response

Question 7

parasympathetic

Answer 7

response restores homeostatic balance and conserves energy

Question 8

name the 3 cranial fossae

Answer 8

anterior-middle-posterior

Question 9

what is housed in the anterior fossae?

Answer 9

circle of willis, frontal lobes, olfactory bulbs

Question 10

what is housed in the middle fossae?

Answer 10

temporal lobes, sella turcica, sephnoid bone, pituitary gland, middle ear structures

Question 11

what is housed in the posterior fossae? (largest and deepest)

Answer 11

Brain stem, provides passage for the spinal cord to join the brain

Question 12

what three structures comprise the brainstem?

Answer 12

medulla, pons, midbrain

Question 13

where is the most CSF produced?

Answer 13

choroid plexus\ lateral ventricles

Question 14

where is CSF absorbed?

Answer 14

arachnoid villi

Question 15

average volume of CSF in a healthy adult?

Answer 15

150ml

Question 16

average pressure of CSF in a healthy adult?

Answer 16

20cm=200mmH2O

Question 17

how many vertebrae in the spinal column?

Answer 17

33

Question 18

how many periheral spinal nerevs in the spinal column?

Answer 18

31

Question 19

At what level does the spinal cord terminate?

Answer 19

L1-L4

Question 20

anatomy of an intervertebral disc

Answer 20

outer fibrous capsule (annulus) inner nucleous (pulposis) “crab meat”

Question 21

anatomy of a ruptured disc

Answer 21

fracture or fissure of the annulus with neucleous pulposis protrussion

Question 22

which cranial nerve is responsible for sight?

Answer 22

ll optic

Question 23

which cranial nerve is responsible for hearing and sense of balance?

Answer 23

vlll vestibulochoclear

Question 24

5 arteries that form the circle of willis

Answer 24

1-anterior 2- middle 3- posterior 4-cerebral 5- Anterior and Posterior communicating

Question 25

what function does the circle of willis perform?

Answer 25

maintains cerebral perfusion

Question 26

two arteries that supply oxygenated blood to the circle of willis

Answer 26

internal carotid, anterior | vertebral arteries, posterior

Question 27

common site for annurysem in the circle of willis?

Answer 27

at any biforcation

Question 28

1st sign of ruptured intracranial aneurysm?

Answer 28

severe headach

Question 29

ruptured intervertebral disc produces symptoms

Answer 29

nerve root imingment

Question 30

how is tic douloreux treated?

Answer 30

Rhizotomy (glysepol or radio frequency)

Question 31

nerve affected with carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 31

median nerve

Question 32

how is carpal tunnel syndrome surgically treated?

Answer 32

release of TCL trans carpal ligament

Question 33

neurectomoy

Answer 33

removal of a nerve

Question 34

sympathecomy

Answer 34

sectioning of a nerve

Question 35

neurolysis

Answer 35

freeing of a nerve

Question 36

rhizotomy

Answer 36

the surgical section or cutting of the spinal nerve roots, usually posterior or sensory roots, to eliminate pain.

Question 37

myelmeningocele

Answer 37

a congenital defect of the central nervous system in which a sac containing part of the spinal cord and its meninges protrude through a gap in the vertebral column

Question 38

cerebrospinal rhinorrhea

Answer 38

CSF out the nose

Question 39

cerebrospinal otorrhea

Answer 39

CSF out the ear

Question 40

crainiotomy

Answer 40

removal of a section of cranium referred to as a bone flap

Question 41

crainiectomy

Answer 41

permanent removal of a section of the cranium using burrs & ronguers to enlarge 1 or more burr holes

Question 42

crainiectomy vrs crainiotmoy

Answer 42

ectomy- permanant removal | otomy-flap is put back

Question 43

reason for a crainiectomy

Answer 43

infection or cancer

Question 44

cuada eqina

Answer 44

branched nerevs that extend down the sarum

Question 45

5 paraspinal ligaments

Answer 45

anterior longitudinal,posterior longitudinal, ligamentum flavem, interspinal, supraspinal

Question 46

burr hole

Answer 46

minimum exposure that can be made to acess the brain

Question 47

why use burr hole?

Answer 47

to remove loacalized fluid collection secondary to head trauma, placement of catheter

Question 48

epidural vrs subdural hematoma

Answer 48

venous bleeding, collects slower. Acute, subacute or chronic

Question 49

what artery is most frequent to result in tear or laceration with an epidural hematoma?

Answer 49

middle menigel artery

Question 50

lumbar laminectomy

Answer 50

excision of one or more vertebral laminae

Question 51

common positions for lumbar laminectomy

Answer 51

prone, modified knee chest, lateral

Question 52

positioning aids ( prone frames)

Answer 52

wilson, kambin, hastings

Question 53

positioning aids ( knee chest frames)

Answer 53

Andrews hicks

Question 54

spinal cord stimulator

Answer 54

implantable, non destructive medical device

Question 55

why use spinal cord stimulator?

Answer 55

to treat chronic non-traceable pain in the limbs and trunk. The device generates an elctrical impulse to the epidural space which produces a tingling sensation that masks the perception of pain.

Question 56

A.V.M is treated

Answer 56

Crainiotomy, isolation, and subsequent excision of mass

Question 57

cervical tongs used to employ cervical traction in cases of neck injury?

Answer 57

cruchfield, Vinke, Garden wells

Question 58

diagnostic x-ray study considered the criterion standard for acute head injury?

Answer 58

CT-scan

Question 59

Methalyne blue

Answer 59

neurotoxic

Question 60

hydrocephalus

Answer 60

pathological condition with an Increase in CSF in the crainial cavity causing ICP

Question 61

WADA's test

Answer 61

isolates the dominant hemisphere of the brain

Question 62

two frequent surgical shunting procedures used to treat hydrocephalus

Answer 62

V-P Ventriculoperioneal | V-A Ventriculoarterial

Question 63

disposable hemostatic clips

Answer 63

used to control bleeding ( Leroy) pedi (raney) adult. clips are placed over the edges of wound as primary incision is made

Question 64

3 manners to treat intracranial aneurysms surgically

Answer 64

aneurysm clips, silk sutures, PMMA imprgnated mesh

Question 65

mechanical hemostasis

Answer 65

physically stopping thed bleeding. clips or ligature

Question 66

chemical hemostasis

Answer 66

stimulating the clotting cascade- thrombin

Question 67

hand controlled pneumatic driver to create burr holes?

Answer 67

crianiatome

Question 68

hand- controlled manually -powered driver to create burr holes?

Answer 68

hudson brace

Question 69

foot controlled pneumatic intrument used to "turn" bone flaps during criniotomy or to remove laminae during laminectomy?

Answer 69

midas rex/ Anspach

Question 70

pituitary ronguers

Answer 70

instrument used to remove nucleus pulposus (soft tissue) from intervertebral disk in laminectomy

Question 71

kerrison rongeur

Answer 71

used to mannually remove bone from the intervertebral foramina or laminea during laminectomy

Question 72

CUSA

Answer 72

Cariton Ultrasonic Aspirator

Question 73

what is a CUSA?

Answer 73

emits a variable ultasonic energy field that emulsifies abnormal tissue while persuing normal neural tissue

Question 74

Ventricular system

Answer 74

CSF circulates throughthe ventricles, and central canal, enters the subarachnoid space and is then reabsorbed into the blood of the dural sinuses through arachnoid granulation.