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Speech Anatomy > Nuero Q2 > Flashcards

Nuero Q2 Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

Cerebrum

A

largest structure of the nervous system
motor (opposite hemispheres control opposite side of body)
houses the lobes of the brain

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2
Q

Dura Mater

A

Most superficial meningeal lining
barrier between skull and neural tissue

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3
Q

Arachnoid Mater

A

middle layer
covered in blood vessels
skips from crest to crest

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4
Q

Subarachnoid space

A

Thin membranous covering
Follows the contour of the brain
major arteries and veins in this layer
contains CSF

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5
Q

Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF)

A

Found in subarachnoid space and ventral system
physical support for brain
keeps it a float
homeostasis

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6
Q

Ventricles

A

spaces within brain
remnants of the embryonic neural tubes
4 cavities

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7
Q

Choroid plexus

A

tissues within each ventrical that produce CSF

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8
Q

Ventricles and CSF

A

creation of CSF causes an increase in pressure

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9
Q

Cerebral Cortex: Central Sulcus

A

divides parietal and frontal lobes

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10
Q

Cerebral Cortex: Lateral Sulcus

A

divides temporal, frontal, and parietal lobes

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11
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

a large bundle of nerve fibers that connect the 2 brain hemispheres allowing for communication

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12
Q

Superior Longitudinal Fissure

A

divides the left and right hemispheres

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13
Q

Frontal Lobe: Superior Frontal Gyrus

A

motor/ premotor
voluntary eye movement
decision making

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14
Q

Frontal Lobe: Precentral Gyrus

A

Primary motor cortex
voluntary

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15
Q

Frontal Lobe: Homunculus

A

Sensory

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16
Q

Frontal Lobe: Middle Frontal Gyrus

A

executive function highest level
memory

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17
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

planning and initiation of voluntary movement
cognitive function and personality
speech and expressive lg

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18
Q

Frontal Lobe: Interior Frontal Gyrus

A

risk aversion
Brochas area (expressive lg)

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19
Q

Orbitofrontal Cortex

A

memory, emotions, mood, responsibility

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20
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

Largest lobe
primary reception and integration of somatic (bodily) sense
cognitive processes

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21
Q

Parietal Lobe: Post central Gyrus

A

receives somatic sensation

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22
Q

Parietal Lobe: Supramarginal Gyrus

A

phonological processing (speech and written lg)

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23
Q

Parietal Lobe: Angular Gyrus

A

Visual association for reading and comprehension

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24
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

important for many SHL functions

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25
Temporal Lobe: Heschls Gyrus
primary auditory reception high auditory processing
26
Temporal Lobe: Wernickes Area
receptive lg processing auditory word recognition lg comprehension
27
Temporal Lobe: Hippocampus
Short term memory to long term memory olfaction
28
Temporal Lobe: Fusiform Gyrus
facial recognition
29
Occipital lobe: Calcarine Sulcus
primary visual reception higher-level visual processing
30
Insula
perception of self deep to the cerebrum motor planning for speech articulatory gestures
31
Subcortex
region beneath the cortex impairments - ALS
32
Cerebellum
- coordinates motor commands with sensory inputs - communicates w/ brainstem cerebrum spinal cord - balance complex motor functions
33
Basal Ganglia
group of cells bodies related to control background movement and movement patterns
34
Caudate Nucleus (basal ganglia nucleus)
spatial and working memory movement initiation/ executive function
35
Putamen (basal Ganglia)
important for learning new motor patterns
36
Diencephalon: Thalamus
Largest (and most complex structure of diencephalon) final relay for sensory info to the cortex for all sensations except olfaction
37
Diencephalon
- regulation for autonomic functions - control of the endocrine system
38
Central NS
integrates sensory info brain, cerebellum, brainstem, subcortex all housed in bone
39
Peripheral NS
- 31 pairs of spinal nerves -12 pairs of cranial nerves
40
Sympathetic NS
fight or flight
41
Parasympathetic NS
rest and digest
42
Somatic NS
everything under conscious + voluntary control opposite of autonomic
43
Afferent Process
sensory receiving or sensing information
44
Efferent Process
motor activating muscles or glands
45
excitation
increases activity in stimulated tissue
46
Inhibition
reduces neuron output
47
Synapse
communication between nuerons
48
presynaptic
end bouton
49
post synaptic
dendrite
50
Ions
atoms that have either lost or gained electrons magnet vibes attracted to opposite, repel the same
51
concentration gradient
move from high to low until equal
52
electrochemical gradient
pending charge (balance charges) by moving ions
53
passive transport
allows specific ions to pass through membrane. Does not expend energy. - concentration gradient
54
Active Transport
moving against the gradient - electrochemical
55
Resting Membrane potential
negative inside the cell
56
Action potential
the explosion of electrical activity that is created by a depolarizing current
57
Depolarization
sodium channels open moving closer to 0 charge intercellular space positive
58
Repolarization
after sodium, potassium channels open (intercellular space neg)
59
Propagation
spreading effect of wave action
60
MRI
uses magnets to align nuclei of the atoms of the body best
61
fMRI
functional MRI measures blood flow, metabolic activity areas light up
62
CT or CAT scan
3d image of tissue fast not as clear MRI
63
PET scan
blood flow, metabolic activity uses radiation used a lot for cancer patients
64
MEG
measures magnetic fields generated by the brain
65
MCA
medical cerebral artery - most common site of occlusion - significant speech lg deficiets

Speech Anatomy (3 decks)

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