NUR 112 Final Flashcards
(57 cards)
1
Q
Risk Factors for GAD
A
- genetic
- social influence
- brain chemistry
- lifestyle
- family background
2
Q
DSM-5 GAD
A
More days than not over 6 months. Children only 1 S/S.
- restlessness
- impaired concentration
- irritability
- muscle aches
- insomnia
3
Q
GAD S/S
A
- tachycardia
- SOB
- upset stomach
- frequent urination
- tremors
- muscle aches
- headache
- fatigue
- insomnia
- restlessness
- impaired concentration
4
Q
3 primary types of phobias
A
- specific
- agoraphobia
- social anxiety
5
Q
SSRIs common drugs
A
- fluoxetine (Prozac)
- paroxetine (Paxil)
- sertraline (Zoloft)
6
Q
SSRIs Side Effects
A
- weight gain
- headache
- mild anticholinergic effects
- sexual dysfunction
7
Q
Benzos common drugs
A
- diazepam (Valium)
- alprazolam (Xanax)
- lorazepam (Ativan)
8
Q
Benzos Education
A
- addictive
- not for long term Rx
- few side effects when taken short term
- takes only hours to reach effect
- may have withdrawal if stopped suddenly
9
Q
Buspirone (Buspar)
A
- no risk of dependence
- takes > 2 weeks for effects
- S/E headache, nausea, dizziness
10
Q
When are you contagious for Flu?
A
1 day before symptoms, 5-7 days after becoming ill
11
Q
Flu S/S
A
- Coryza (inflammation of mucous membranes in the nose)
- nasal congestion and loss sense of smell
- Cough
- Fever and/or Chills
- Shortness of Breath or Dyspnea
- Fatigue or Malaise
- Muscle pain or Body aches
- Vomiting and Diarrhea
- Headache
- Sore throat
- decrease appetite
12
Q
Medical Risk Factors for Flu
A
- immunocompromised
- pregnancy
- chronic diseases
13
Q
RIDT timeframe
A
Flu, within 3 days of symptoms, results in 15min not always accurate
14
Q
Rapid Molecular Assay timeframe
A
Flu, takes longer to get results
15
Q
WBC in Viruses
A
Leukopenia, low WBC
16
Q
WBC in Bacterial infections
A
elevated neutrophils, elevated total WBC
17
Q
complications from Flu
A
- inflammation
- infection
- exacerbations
- CNS problems
18
Q
Flu Focused Assessment
A
- respiratory
- pain
- I&O
- F&E
19
Q
Flu Interventions
A
- increase fluids
- honey
- humidified air
- splinting abdomen
- rest
- elevate HOB
- incentive spirometer
20
Q
Flu Antivirals
A
- take within 24-48 hours of symptoms
- S/E: N/V/D, hallucinations
- TAMIFLU
- XOFLUZA
- RELENZA
- RAPIVAB
21
Q
oseltamivirphosphate(Tamiflu) administration
A
- take within 24-48 hours of symptoms
- can be taken as preventative
- 5 days
22
Q
Community Acquired Pneumonia
A
within 48hrs of admission of hospital
23
Q
bacterial PNA
A
- most common
- ## residential bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
24
Q
Fungal PNA
A
- Pneumocystis jiroveci HIV/AIDS
- opportunistic infection
- infectious
- treat with antibiotic TMP/SMX: trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra)
- poor prognosis
25
Aspiration PNA
- caused by intense suctioning
- medical conditions that impair swallowing
- noncompliant NPO
- poor prognosis
26
VAP (ventilator PNA) interventions and prevention
- HOB 30-45
- assess ability to breathe on own to remove vent
- hand hygiene
- mouth care
- clean equipment
27
Walking pneumonia
- Mycoplasma pneumonia
- Chlamydophilia pneumoniae
- Legionella pneumonia
28
Asthma triggers
- Exposure to aspirin, NSAIDs
- Exercise
- Exposure to hot or cold air
- Viral infection
- Stress
29
Asthma risk factors
- Genetic factors
- infections early in life
- Air pollution
- Allergies
- Obesity
- Maternal smoking
- Premature birth
30
Asthma drugs for daily, long-term control
- Anti-inflammatory agents
- Long-acting bronchodilators
- Leukotriene modifiers
- Quick relief medications
- Short-acting adrenergic stimulants
- Anticholinergic drugs
- Methylxanthines
31
Bronchodilators
- Adrenergic stimulants
- Methylxanthines
- Anticholinergic agents
32
Corticosteroids and NSAIDs
- Aspirin and other NSAIDs can induce bronchospasm
- suppress airway inflammation
33
Leukotriene modifiers
- anti-inflammatory
- Montelukast
- Zafirlukast
- Zileuton
- Affect metabolism, excretion of other medications (Warfarin, Theophylline)
- May cause liver toxicity
34
Serum Antitrypsin Levels
COPD and Liver function
35
VQ Scan
- determines the extent of which lung tissue is being:
- Ventilated (V)- flow of air into and out of aveoli and
- Perfused (Q) flow of blood to the aveoli.
-Decreased ventilation with normal perfusion in the lungs may indicate COPD
36
COPD O2 sat range
88-92%
37
Sodium Patho
- increase in aldosterone increase in Na retention
- maintains BP
- changes are neuro in nature
- extracellular
38
Hypernatremia S/S
- cells are dehydrated
///
Skin - red and rosy
- flushed
- edema
- low grade fever
- elevated BP
///
GI - thirsty
- excessive thirst
- dry, sticky membranes
- swollen dry tongue
///
Neuro
- restlessness, irritability, confusion
39
Hypernatremia INT
- fluid replacement
- diuretics
- reduce sodium slowly
40
Hyponatremia S/S
- FVE
- cerebral edema
///
Neuro
- seizures and coma
- resp arrest
///
Heart
- tachycardia
- weak and thready pulses
- edema
///
Muscular
- muscle cramps
- weakness, fatigue, lethargy
41
Hypernatremia INT
- sodium fluids
- sodium diet increase
- safety
42
Potassium Patho
- intracellular
- needed for heart and muscle contraction
43
Hyperkalemia S/S
- K is high, pH is low (acidic)
///
Heart - tight and contracted
- tall, peaked T waves and widened QRS
- dysrhythmias
- cardiac arrest
- hypotension, bradycardia
///
GI - tight and contracted
- N/V/D
- abdominal cramping
///
Neuromuscular - tight and contracted
- paresthesias
- increased DTR
- muscle weakness
44
Hyperkalemia INT
- calcium gluconate
- insulin and glucose
- sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate)
45
Hypokalemia S/S
Heart - low and slow
- dysrhythmias
- flat or inverted T waves
///
Muscular - low and slow
- decreased DTR
- flaccid paralysis
- muscle weakness
///
GI - low and slow
- anorexia
- decreased bowel sounds, ileus
- increased risk for digoxin toxicity
- suppressed insulin secretion
46
Chloride Patho
- extracellular
- goes with sodium
47
Hyperchloremia S/S
- Kussmaul respirations
- weakness
- increased thirst
- fluid retention
- increased BP, HR, RR
48
Hyperchloremia INT
- diuretics
- increased IV fluids
- treatment of underlying cause
- dialysis
49
Hypochloremia S/S
- paresthesias of face and extremities
- muscle spasm
- tetany
- abdominal distention
50
B. Hypercalcemia S/S
- faster clotting times
- friends with Magnesium
///
Heart - swollen and slow
- cardiac dysrhythmias
///
GI - swollen and slow
- anorexia
- N/V
- constipation
- renal calculi
///
Muscles - swollen and slow
- lethargy
- muscle weakness
- bone pain
- decreased DTR
///
Neuro - swollen and slow
- fatigue, weakness
- headache
- impaired cognition
51
Hypercalcemia INT
- partial parathyroidectomy
- discontinuation of thiazide diuretics and vitamin and mineral supplements
- low-calcium diet
52
Hypocalcemia S/S
Friends with Magnesium
///
GI - gone wild
- hyperactive bowels
- diarrhea
///
Muscles - gone wild
- tingling to cramps
- tetany
- numbness
- possible seizures
- muscle twitches, spasms
- hyperactive DTR
- Chvostek's and Trosseau's
///
Risks
- risk for fractures, weak bones
- risk for bleeding
- risk for cardiac dysthymias
53
Hypermagnesemia S/S
Friends with calcium
///
Heart - calm and quiet
- heart block
- prolonged PR intervals
- bradycardia and hypotension
///
Neuromuscular - calm and quiet
- resp depression
- depressed shallow respirations
- decreased DTR
- flaccid muscle tone
///
GI - calm and quiet
- hypoactive bowels
54
Hypermagnesemia INT
- calcium gluconate
- hemodialysis at very high levels
55
Hypomagnesemia
Friends with calcium
///
Heart - buck wild
- torsades de pointes
- vfib
- tachycardia
///
Muscular - buck wilds
- muscle cramps
- tremors
- paresthesias
- tetany
- increased DTR
- Chvostek's and Trosseau's
56
Hyperphosphatemia
- opposite of Calcium
///
Muscles - gone wild
- paresthesias
- tetany
- increased DTR
- Chvostek's and Trosseau's
///
GI - gone wild
- diarrhea
///
Risks (just like high low calcium)
- risk for fractures
- risk for bleeding
- risk for dysthymias
57
Hyperphosphatemia
- opposite of calcium
///
swollen and slow
- constipation
- decreased DTR
- decreased HR, RR
- increased BP
- kidney stones
