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U of R SCHOOL OF NURSING > NUR 362 - MUSCULOSKELETAL > Flashcards

NUR 362 - MUSCULOSKELETAL Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

Components of the Musculoskeletal System

A 
bones
muscles
joints
tendons
ligaments
cartilage
bursa
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2
Q

Normal Physiologic Function of Musculoskeletal System

A 
alignment and posture
balance
coordinated movements
protection
production
storage
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3
Q

Bone

A

specialized connective tissue

hard, rigid, dense

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4
Q

Joint

A

union of two or more bones
non-synovial (immovable and slightly movable)
synovial (freely movable due to separation from fluid-filled cavity)

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5
Q

Cartilage

A

cushions the bones and gives smooth surface to facilitate movement

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6
Q

Ligaments

A

connect bone to bone

give bone structure to form the joint

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7
Q

Bursa

A

fluid filled sac

any place where there’s a joint

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8
Q

Tendon

A

connect muscle to bone

helps with function of ROM

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9
Q

Muscular Strength - 0

A

no muscular contraction detected

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10
Q

Muscular Strength - 1

A

barely detectable flicker or trace contraction

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11
Q

Muscular Strength - 2

A

active movement of body part with gravity eliminated

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12
Q

Muscular Strength - 3

A

active movement of body part against gravity

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13
Q

Muscular Strength - 4

A

active movement of body part against some resistance

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14
Q

Muscular Strength - 5

A

active movement of body part against full resistance without fatigue

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15
Q

ADLs

A 
bathing
dressing
eating 
grooming
mobility (transfers, ambulation, toiling)
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16
Q

Palpation of musculoskeletal system

A 
heat 
tenderness
swelling
crepitus
nodules 
AROM/PROM
muscle strength
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17
Q

TMJ Palpation

A

tips of first two fingers and ask person to open/close mouth
palpate contracted temporals and masseter muscles as person clenches
compare size, firmness, strength

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18
Q

TMJ ROM

A

open/close - against resistance tests trigeminal nerve (V)
protraction/retraction
lateral movement

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19
Q

Cervical Spine Inspection

A

alignment of head and neck

spine should be straight and head erect

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20
Q

Cervical Spine Palpation

A

spinous processes for tenderness

sternomastoid, trapezius and paravertebral muscles

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21
Q

Cervical Spine ROM

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A

flexion/extension
rotation
lateral bending
against resistance tests spinal nerve (XI)

22
Q

Shoulder Inspection

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A

swelling
deformity
abnormal positioning

23
Q

Shoulder Palpation

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A 
acromioclavicular joint
scapula
acromion process
greater tubercle
coracoid process
24
Q

Shoulder ROM

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A 
flexion/extension
abduction/adduction
circumduction
internal/external rotation
depression/elevation - shrug against resistance tests spinal nerve (XI)
25
Elbow Inspection
size and contour in flexed and extended position for swelling, deformity, or abnormal positioning olecranon process for present hollows on either side
26
Elbow Palpation
elbow flexed at 70 degrees medial and lateral epicondyle olecranon process
27
Elbow ROM
flexion/extension | supination/pronation
28
Hand Inspection
smoothness of motion, surface contour, alignment of wrist and fingers, bony deformities
29
Hand Palpation
``` distal radius and ulna at wrist eight carpal bones MCP PIP DIP joints anatomical snuffbox ```
30
Hand ROM
``` hand flexion/extension radial/ulnar deviation fingers flexion/extension abduction/adduction thumb flexion/extension abduction/adduction opposition ```
31
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Features
pain or numbness of the first three fingers of the hand, but not in the palm, especially at night loss of sensation in distribution of the medial nerve: palmar surface of thumb, index, middle, and medial 4th fingers
32
Assessment for carpal tunnel
weak abduction of the thumb (most sensitive) tinel's sign phalen's sign
33
Tinel's Sign
tingling with tapping over medial nerve as it enters the carpal tunnel
34
Phalen's Sign
numbness of tingling with pressing backs of hands together in acute flexion
35
Hip Inspection
symmetry of iliac crests, gluteal folds and equally sized buttocks smooth, even gait reflects equal leg lengths assess base rhythm smooth and continuous
36
Hip Palpation
inguinal ligament trochanteric bursa ischiogluteal bursa
37
Hip ROM
flexion/extension abduction/adduction internal/external rotation
38
Knee Inspection
contours and alignment for swelling quadriceps for atrophy knee action during swing and stance phases of gait
39
Knee Palpation
left thumb and fingers grasping fashion down toward knee | patellar pouch
40
Knee ROM
flexion/extension
41
Ankle & Foot Inspection
compare feet noting position of feet and toes, contours of joints foot should align with long axis of lower leg ankles are smooth bony prominences
42
Ankle & Foot Palpation
achilles tendon for nodules and tenderness | metatarsophalangeal joints
43
Ankle & Foot ROM
flexion/extension (toes) inversion/eversion plantarflexion/dorsiflexion
44
Spine Vertebrae
7 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar
45
Spine Inspection
spine is straight knees and feet aligned with trunk and point forward convex thoracic curve and concave lumbar curve
46
Spine Palpation
spinous processes | paravertebral muscles
47
Spine ROM
flexion/extension rotation lateral bending
48
AROM
patient actively doing exercise on own
49
PROM
exercise carried out by therapist
50
AAROM
therapist manually helping patient move a body part while patient exerts a small amount of effort
51
Hazards of Immobility
``` muscle atrophy contractures increased cardiac workload orthostatic hypotension thrombus formation decreased lung expansion ```
52
Common therapeutic positions
``` semi-fowlers (45 degrees) fowlers (90 degrees) supine (back) dorsal recumbent (legs up exam) sims/semi-prone (flexed between pillows laying on side) lateral/side-lying prone (stomach) ```

U of R SCHOOL OF NURSING (12 decks)

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