NUR111-Exam3 Flashcards
(31 cards)
osmosis
fluids shifting, through membranes, from an area of low solute [] to a higher solute [] to acheive homeostasis
Diffusion
Involves fluid movement from an area of high solute [] to an area of lower solute []
Active transport
E required process that moves ions across the cell membrane against a [] gradient
How is Fluid and Electrolyte balance achieved?
Fluid intake, Hormonal regulation, Fluid output
name 3 hormones responsible for fluid I&O
ADH, renin, Aldosterone
What does aldosterone do?
It promotes the retention of sodium and bicarbonate, the excretion of potassium and hydrogen ions, and the secondary retention of water. Large excesses can invoke plasma volume expansion, edema, and hypertension.
What does renin do?
Renin stimulates the release of Aldosterone
The increased secretion of aldosterone, results in retention of salt and water by the kidneys and therefore increased extracellular fluid volume, cardiac output, and arterial pressure..
What are some things electrolytes do?
- regulate fluid and hormone production
- Strengthen skeletal structures
- Act as catalysts in nerve response and muscle contraction
- important in the metabolism of nutrients
Which electrolytes are not stored?
Na+ and Cl-
Where is K+ stored?
In cells.
What are the MAJOR electrolytes in the body?
Na+, Cl-, K+, Mg+, P, Ca++
Normal Sodium Levels
136-145 mEq/L
Function of Na+
helps maintain the balance of fluid in a person’s body. It’s also importantin nerve function.
What is hyponutremia?
Na= moves from ECF into the ICF - - - cells swell (cerebral edema)
What are the serum sodium levels for hyponutremia?
Serum sodium levels less than 136 mEq/L
Complications of acute hyponutremia?
Coma, seizures, respiratory arrest
Causes of HYPOnutremia?
*Abnormal GI losses - V&D, NG suctioning, tap water enemas
*Renal losses - Diuretics, kidney disease, adrenal insufficiency, excessive sweating
*Skin losses - Burns, wound drainage, GI obstruction, peripheral edema, ascites
*Excessive oral H2O intake
*Edematous states - Heart Failure, Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome
Inadequate Na+ intake
Age related - diuretics, chronic illnesses
Vitals of Hyponatremia?
hypothermia, tachy, rapid/thready pulse, orthostatic hypotension
Neuromusculoskeletal S/S of hyponatremia
headache, confusion, lethargy, muscle weakness w/possible resp, comprimise, fatigue, decreased DTR
what is DTR?
Deep tendon reflex (mallet to patellar tendon)
GI s/s of hyponatremia
increased motility, hyperactive bowel sounds, abdominal cramping, nausea
Collaborative care for Hyponatremia
- Report Abnormal findings to provider
- Fluid overload- restrict H2O intake as Rx
- monitor I&O and weigh client daily***, VS, LOC, report abnormal findings
- Encourage freq. positional changes
- Follow prescribed fluid restrictions
Care for acute hyponatremia
Administer hypertonic oral and IV fluids as Rx
Encourage fluids and foods high in Na+
Restoration of ECF vol. w/ Hyponatremia
Administer isotonic IV therapy (0.9% NaCl, lactated ringers)
