Nurs 124 Definitions

Question 1

regression

Answer 1

Returning to an earlier, more primitive form of behaviour in the face of a threat to self-esteem. Example: An adult sulks rather than using problem solving to deal with a difficult situation.

Question 2

repression

Answer 2

Unconscious forgetting of parts or all of an experience. Example: A woman who was sexually abused as a child may have no memories of the event, but she remains uncomfortable with physical touch as an adult.

Question 3

denial

Answer 3

Unconscious refusal to allow painful facts, feelings, or perceptions into awareness. Example: A man with a drug addiction will not admit he has a problem despite considerable evidence and feedback from others

Question 4

rationalization

Answer 4

Offering a plausible excuse or explanation for unacceptable behaviour. Example: A woman who does not get a job promotion rationalizes that she did not want the job anyway.

Question 5

projection

Answer 5

Attributing unacceptable feelings, facts, behaviours, or attitudes to others; usually expressed as blame. Example: An aggressive person sees others as hostile and angry

Question 6

displacement

Answer 6

Redirecting feeling onto an object of person considered less of a threat than the original object or person. Example: A man who gets angry at himself for losing money at the casino takes his anger out on his wife.

Question 7

intellectualization

Answer 7

Unconscious focusing on only the intellectual and not the emotional aspects of a situation or circumstance

Question 8

reaction formation

Answer 8

Unconscious assuming of traits opposite of undesirable behaviours. Example: Being overly friendly or helpful to someone you dislike.

Question 9

sublimation

Answer 9

Redirecting socially unacceptable unconscious thoughts and feelings into socially approved outlets. Example: Dealing with anger through involvement with martial arts

Question 10

undoing

Answer 10

Verbal expression or actions representing one feeling, followed by an expression of the direct opposite

Question 11

acting out

Answer 11

Emotional conflicts are dealt with through action instead of dealing directly with feelings. Example: A young child deals with her frustrations by breaking her doll

Question 12

splitting

Answer 12

Seeing or experiencing things only as polar opposites. Example: Seeing others as either perfect or totally inadequate. This defense prevents people from considering more balanced views and expectations of self and others

Question 13

suppression

Answer 13

Deliberately avoiding thinking about feelings or thoughts that provoke anxiety.

Question 14

covenant

Answer 14

binding agreement- promise to be a person to achieve a shared goal. Based in relationship between people, it is rooted in values and morals. Mutual, internal.

Question 15

contract

Answer 15

applies to the whole of society and its members, arrangement, transactional, external

Question 16

caring (caring service)

Answer 16

given with compassion and promote the ideals of the patient (patient centered care). The needs of the patients are placed in a high priority and that nurses provide physical and emotional comfort to patients.

Question 17

Transmission model of communication

Answer 17

• linear, one way process
  focuses on the sender and the message
• not representative of effective communciation
• responsibility is put on the sender
• noise can interfere with the message meant to be sent (environmental and semantic)

Question 18

Interaction model of communication

Answer 18

interactive, 2 way process
feedback- includes messages in response to the messsages
more interaaction focused
takes physical and psychological context into account

Question 19

transaction model of communication

Answer 19

communication as a process where communicators generate social realities to create relationships, form intercultural alliances, shape self-concept, engage with others in dialogue to create communities
both are referred to as communicators
you are simultaneously a sender and reciever

Question 20

therapeutic communication

Answer 20

foundation of nurse- client relationship, has a specific purpose
intended to develop effective interpersonal relationship

Question 21

definition of barriers to communication

Answer 21

anything that interupts communication

Question 22

bridges to communication

Answer 22

• caring and respect
• trust and veracity
• mutuality
• empathy
• confidentiality
• ethical behavior

Question 23

barriers to communication examples

Answer 23

• anxiety
  -stereotyping
• space violations
• confidentiality violation

Question 24

anxiety

Answer 24

• barrier to effective communication
• cause defnece mechanisms to be activted
• vague, persistant feeling of impending doom
• universal feeling
  -impact is uncomfortable

Question 25

what are defense mechanisms?

Answer 25

- coping styles - automatic, phychological processses that protect individual against anxiety

Question 26

what are properties of defense mechanisms?

Answer 26

- means of managing conflict and affects - unconscious - discrete from one another -reversible

Question 27

strategies for addressing anxiety

Answer 27

- active listening - honesty - explain procedures - act calm - speak clearly - give info - set limits and structure - distraction strategies - self regulation

Question 28

culture

Answer 28

set of distinctive spiritual, material, intellectual, and emotional features of a soceity or social group which encompasses lifestyles, ways of living, traditions, and beliefs

Question 29

what is a relational approach to culture?

Answer 29

- it is not static but it is dynamic--> culture is always changing - we need to be aware of how culture impacts communication - people are seletively responding and integrating historical, political, economic, etc structures

Question 30

what is constuctivist culture

Answer 30

- shared patterns, values, and behaviour - relational - expansive - dynamic - selectively responding and integrating - people relate to multiple cultures

Question 31

spirituality

Answer 31

connectedness, transcendence, meaning

Question 32

relationship between culture and spirituality

Answer 32

culture and spirituatliy intersect

Question 33

what is a relational approach to culture and spirituality

Answer 33

- positioning youself as an inquirer who is in a space of knowing and not knowing, being curious, and looking for what seems significant

Question 34

cultural awareness

Answer 34

being concious of one's own culturally shaped values, beliefs, perceptions, and biases. Observing ones reactions to cultures who differ from their own

Question 35

cultural sensitivity

Answer 35

being aware that cultural differences and similarities between people exist without assigning them a value- positive or negative, better or worse.

Question 36

culture knowledge

Answer 36

knowing some cultural characteristics, history, value, beliefs, behaviors of another ethnic or cultural group

Question 37

culture competence

Answer 37

the ability of a person to effectively interact, work, and develop meaningful relationships with people of various cultural backgrounds.

Question 38

culture safety

Answer 38

environment which is spiritually, socially, and emotionally safe, as well as physically safe for people that allows them not to deny their identity

Question 39

cultural humility

Answer 39

ongoing process of self-exploration and self-critique combined with a willingness to learn from others.

Question 40

phases of the nurse patient relationship

Answer 40

1) orientation 2) working- engagement and assesment- problem solving, planning 3) resolution- problem resolved, evaluation

Question 41

facilitative strategies

Answer 41

“uh huh”, “Tell me more”, nodding. Strategies that encourage individuals to elaborate.

Question 42

open-ended questions

Answer 42

questions that seek narrative information, are general or broad, and that cannot be answered with one word, usually begin with who, what, where, when, how, and sometimes why

Question 43

closed questions

Answer 43

can usually be answered with one or two words; ‘yes’ or ‘no’; typically begin with can, did, are, have, is, will, would, do

Question 44

focused question

Answer 44

centre on key elements of the narrative where you need further

Question 45

paraphrasing

Answer 45

transforming the patient’s message into your own words without losing the meaning

Question 46

summarizing

Answer 46

pulling information together across the interaction or several interactions, followed by a request for validation that your understanding is correct

Question 47

clarifying

Answer 47

seeking more information or elaboration of something that was said (often using focused questions)

Question 48

SURETY

Answer 48

Sit at an angle Uncross your arms Relax Eye contact Touch Your intuition

Question 49

empathy

Answer 49

understanding another person’s emotions and experiences while suspending your own view point

Question 50

attunement

Answer 50

occurs when one person allows his/her state of mind to be influenced by another. A phrased sometime used is when one “feels felt” by the other person. Allowing your own internal state to shift

Question 51

validation

Answer 51

confirming with another person one’s thoughts or feelings with respect to a specific event or behaviour Or o Trying to hear, understand, and acknowledge a person’s feeling as important o Accept the person’s feeling for what it is o Making the connection between the person’s behaviour and his/her feeling

Question 52

silence

Answer 52

used intentionally; allows the patients to think, but non-verbally expressing interest

Question 53

sharing observations

Answer 53

communicate what you see, starts conversation, without judgement or unwarranted conclusions; You look tired versus You look tired, were you up all night?

Question 54

sharing hope

Answer 54

communicating a sense of possibility;

Question 55

touch

Answer 55

identified as a way to build trust; communicate human connection; ensure clarity in intention of the use of touch (emotional support, attending, comfort); follow pts lead; use with caution.

Question 56

challenging distortions

Answer 56

presenting the patient with a different perspective of the situation

Question 57

reframing

Answer 57

offering a different positive interpretation designed to broaden the patient’s perspective