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NURS650 exam 3 Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

Adenine

A

one of the four nitrogen–carbon bases of DNA.

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2
Q

Allele

A

the place on the chromosomes where genes that code for the same function are to be found.

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3
Q

Amino Acid

A

these are coded for by genes and can be considered as the building blocks of proteins.

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4
Q

Anaphase

A

the stage in cell division where the chromosome separates and moves to the poles of the cells. Anticodon: a triplet of bases on tRNA encoding for amino acids that join with other triplets (or anticodons) to produce the appropriate proteins.

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5
Q

Autosome

A

the name given to chromosomes that are not one of the two sex chromosomes.

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6
Q

Autosomal dominant disorder

A

a medical disorder cause by a faulty dominant gene inherited from one of the parents.

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7
Q

Autosomal recessive disorder:

A

a medical disorder cause by a faulty recessive gene inherited from one of the parents.

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8
Q

Base

A

part of the double helix; bases are the code that will eventually lead to the formation of protein.

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9
Q

Bivalent

A

a pair of associated homologous chromosomes formed after replication of the chromosomes, with each replicated chromosome consisting of two chromatids.

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10
Q

Cell cycle

A

the process by which a cell prepares for, and undertakes, cell growth and division.

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11
Q

Chromatid

A

one half of a chromosome

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12
Q

Centromere

A

the point at which two chromatids become attached to form a chromosome

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13
Q

chromosome

A

mixture of DNA and protein – contains our genetic blueprint.

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14
Q

codon

A

a triplet of bases on mRNA that encodes for a particular amino acid.

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15
Q

cytosine

A

one of the 4 nitrogen-carbon bases of DNA

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16
Q

Deoxyribose

A

a major part of the DNA molecule; deoxyribose is a sugar (ribose) that has lost an atom of oxygen – hence its name.

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17
Q

Diploid

A

a cell that contains two sets of identical chromosomes

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18
Q

DNA

A

abbreviation for deoxyribonucleic acid, present as a double helix

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19
Q

Equator of cell

A

the center of the cell during cell division. Gamete: a reproductive cell – spermatozoon or ovum.

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20
Q

Gametogenesis

A

the production of gametes

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21
Q

Gene

A

a unit of heredity in a living organism. Gene crossover: the process at the commencement of meiosis whereby genetic material may be transferred between chromosomes

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22
Q

Genotype

A

a living organism’s genetic makeup

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23
Q

guanine

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A

one of the four nitrogen–carbon bases of DNA

24
Q

Haploid cell

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A

a cell that contains just one set of chromosomes

25
Heredity
the passing down of genes from generation to generation. Heterologous: means ‘different’, as opposed to homologous, which means ‘same’.
26
Interphase
the longest stage of the cell cycle during which the cell is growing and preparing for replication
27
Locus
a gene's position on a chromosome
28
Meiosis
this is concerned with the development of whole organisms, and is the process by which diploid cells become haploid cells; this ensures that the correct number of chromosomes is passed on to the offspring
29
Mendelian genetics
: the genetics of inheritance. Mendel's first law: only one particular allele from each parent can be inherited by their child.
30
Mendel's second law
during gametogenesis, members of differing pairs of alleles are randomly sorted independently of each other
31
Metaphase
the stage in the cell cycle when the chromosomes move to the equator of the cell preparatory to separating.
32
Mitosis
the process by which chromosomes are accurately reproduced in cell during cell division.
33
mRNA
messenger ribonucleic acid – it is important in the production of proteins from amino acids. Nucleic acid: a combination of phosphoric acid, sugars and organic bases, nucleic acids direct the course of protein synthesis (production), so regulating all cell activities; both DNA and RNA are nucleic acids.
34
Nucleosome
within a cell's nucleus; it consists of a segment of DNA wound around a histone the basic unit of DNA once it is packaged.
35
Nucleotide
the name for the parts of the DNA consisting of sugar (deoxyribose) and one of the four bases – adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine; in other words, it is the basis of our genes, and hence of us! Ova: plural of ovum; these are the female reproductive cells – also known as ‘eggs’.
36
Phenotype
this describes the expressed features of a living organism as a result of that organism's genotype interacting with the environment.
37
Phosphate
an inorganic molecule that forms part of the double helix. Poles of the cell: the ends of a cell during the stages of cell division
38
Prophase
the first stage of cell division, during which the chromosomes fold together and become more visible.
39
Recessive gene
a recessive gene requires another recessive gene at the same locus before it can affect the body – it is not ‘dominant’ over the other gene at that locus (see also dominant gene).
40
Ribosomes
small, bead-like structures in a cell that, along with RNA, are involved in making proteins from amino acids.
41
RNA
ribonucleic acid – transcribed from DNA.
42
Spermatozoa
male reproductive cells. Spontaneous mutation disorder: a medical disorder caused by a new ‘fault’ that has developed in a gene; that is, neither parent carries a faulty version of that gene.
43
Strand
the long parts of the double helix, consisting of deoxyribose and phosphate
44
Telophase
the stage in cell division where the cell actually divides and forms two identical daughter cells.
45
Termination codon
a triplet of bases that acts as the signal to stop the organization of amino acids once the specified protein of that particular DNA/RNA
46
Olfactory nerve
``` #1 Smell ```
47
Optic nerve
``` #2 vision ```
48
Oculomotor
Eye movements
49
Trochlear
eye movements
50
Abducens
eye movements
51
Trigeminal
touch/pain | jaw movements
52
Facial nerve
Face muscles | Taste
53
Auditory
hearing | Balance
54
Glossopharyngeal
Taste | Muscles of throat and larynx
55
Vagus nerve
Internal organs
56
Spinal Accessory
Neck muscles | tongue movements
57
Hypoglossal
tongue movements | taste

NURS650 exam 3 (1 decks)

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