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Nursing 1220 > Nursing 1220 > Flashcards

Nursing 1220 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a vesicle?

A

small blisters, fluid filled

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2
Q

What is a pustule?

A

like a papule but pus - filled, ex. acne

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3
Q

What is a wheal?

A

raised, flesh coloured or red, vary in size and shape, itchy, can indicate an allergy

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4
Q

Define excoriation

A

lesion caused by scratching or excessive rubbing

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5
Q

What is atopic dermatitis?

A

Also called eczema, itchy rash commonly found behind the knees or in the antecubital fossa, skin may feel thickened

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6
Q

What is melasma?

A

Patches of pigmentation on the face, most commonly in darker skinned women during pregnancy

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7
Q

What are mongolian spots?

A

Collection of melanocytes in deep tissue, gives a blueish-black shadow looking spot that can be mistaken for a bruise

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8
Q

What is the Braden Scale?

A

A risk assessment scale for pressure ulcers

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9
Q

What is food literacy?

A

Knowledge about various nutritional concepts ex. what are fats, proteins, carbs?

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10
Q

What is food insecurity/deserts?

A

When individuals are not sure when their next meal will come

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11
Q

What is the SCOFF questionnaire and what population would it be used for?

A

A questionnaire used to screen for eating disorders in adolescents (Sick, Control, One stone, Fat, Food)

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12
Q

What is the best way to monitor fluid status?

A

Daily weights

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13
Q

What is micturition?

A

the physiological process of getting urine together and excreting it from the body

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14
Q

How would you measure the expected urine output for a patient? ex. if the patient weighs ~80kg

A

formula: 0.5ml/kg/hour

the expected output for this patient is 40ml/h

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15
Q

What features would you be inspecting when looking at a urine sample?

A

Clarity, Odour, Volume, Sediment

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16
Q

What is the most common bacterium causing UTI?

A

E. coli

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17
Q

What are the 5 Ps in a sexual risk assessment?

A

Partners, practices, past history, protection, pregnancy

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18
Q

What is meconium?

A

a greenish-black stool that is expected within the first day or 2 of life.

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19
Q

Why might stool be yellow in colour?

A

Most commonly from C. diff infection

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20
Q

What is leukoplakia?

A

thick, white patches on the tongue (associated with chewing tobacco, smoking, alcohol)

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21
Q

What quadrant would you begin auscultating the abdomen in?

A

RLQ

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22
Q

What is the correct order of assessment for GI/Abdominal assessments?

A

Inspection, Auscultation, Palpation, Percussion

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23
Q

What are you feeling for when you palpate the abdomen?

A

Pain, distention, superficial masses

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24
Q

what is delirium?

A

an acute state of confusion, that is reversible, and always has an underlying cause

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25
Q

What are some features of Lewy Body Dementia?

A
  • 3rd most common form of dementia
  • possible decreased attention and alertness
  • may experience hallucinations
  • progresses quickly
  • collection of proteins in the nerve cells that block neuron messaging systems
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26
Q

What is RUDAS?

A

Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment scale

a simple multicultural scale for detecting dementia

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27
Q

What is the CAGE questionnaire?

A 
Questionnaire to detect alcoholism
Cut down (felt that you should)
Annoyed at others for criticizing your drinking
Guilty about drinking
Eye opener (drink in the morning)
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28
Q

What are the 3 types of stigma?

A

Structural, social, self

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29
Q

what are the 3 pillars of recovery?

A

Choice, Community, Integration

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30
Q

What brain structures are involved in the experience of fear and traumatic stress?

A

Hippocampus and amygdala

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31
Q

What does ‘LIVES’ stand for in intimate partner violence

A 
Listen closely and with empathy
Inquire about needs and concerns
Validate their experiences
Enhance safety
Support them to connect with services
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32
Q

What is health equity?

A

Fair distribution of resources for health

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33
Q

What is harm reduction and give an example

A

A set of practical strategies that help people lesson the negative consequences of certain behaviours both physically and socially ex. birth control, safe injection sites

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34
Q

what are the 3 dimensions of a community?

A

the people, a place, a function

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35
Q

What is oliguria?

A

decreased ability to form urine

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36
Q

True or False: dementia is a normal process of aging.

A

False

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37
Q

What are some factors that can affect GI health/function?

A

age, pregnancy, stress, allergies, nutrition, fluid, medications, etc.

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38
Q

What is a hiatal hernia? what is the risk?

A

stomach herniates a little through the hiatus in the diaphragm making reflux of stomach contents easier. risk of aspiration

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39
Q

What is a black-coated tongue and what may it be caused by?

A

Bacterial overgrowth that attach to the papillae and cause discolouration. Causes: poor oral hygiene, tobacco use, too much coffee/tea

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40
Q

True or False: the LOC in patients with dementia is not affected

A

True. they are alert

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41
Q

What are some of the safety risks for someone with dementia?

A

hygiene, nutrition, medications, falls, fire, wandering, targeted scams, abuse, driving

42
Q

Which populations would you be obligated to report abuse for?

A

Children, Elderly (in LTC or Retirement home)

Not intimate partner violence - they would need to report it to the police

43
Q

How can you teach health promotion for skin to your patient?

A
  • Educate about features of benign moles
  • Emphasize and explain steps of a skin self-exam
  • Risk of sun/UV exposure “Seek, Slip, Slap, Slop”
44
Q

What is vernix and is it something to be concerned about?

A

The sticky, white, “stuff” that babies are covered in when they are born. It is protective and normal. Can be rubbed into arms and legs for hydration.

45
Q

True or False: someone with a fluid volume deficit may be hypertensive

A

False- hypotension

46
Q

True or False: you may hear crackles in the lungs of a patient with a fluid volume overload

A

True

47
Q

What is a secondary skin lesion?

A

a lesion that evolves from a primary lesion or are the consequence of some action ex. a scar is secondary to an incision

48
Q

What are straiae? What population would you see them in?

A

Stretch marks, pregnant women typically

49
Q

What are some factors that can lead to high water loss?

A

Vomiting, diarrhea, diaphoresis, fever, burns, medications, etc

50
Q

What is rebound pain?

A

Pain is felt when pressure is released from the abdomen opposed to when it is applied

51
Q

Why might stool appear black in colour?

A

upper GI bleed, iron supplements, beets

52
Q

Pulsations in the epigastric region can be normal but large pulsations could be a sign of ________

A

abnormal aortic aneurysm

53
Q

True or false: it is normal for elderly people to take longer to learn new information

A

true

54
Q

What 2 characteristics are needed for there to be a diagnosis of Dementia?

A

Change in functioning and memory impairment.

not just 1

55
Q

What can the “I WATCH DEATH” acronym be used to assess?

A

Delirium- figure out the underlying cause and consequences

56
Q

What is Pick’s Disease? what type of dementia does it fall under?

A

Falls under Fronto-Temporal Dementia
it is a disease with age of onset in the 40s, changes in mood, impulsive behaviour, deterioration of social skills, language deterioration, personality changes

57
Q

What are the 3 Ds of mental health?

A

Distress, disability, duration

58
Q

What are some of the delayed responses to experiences of violence that you may discover in a patient?

A

Persistent fatigue, sleep disorders, nightmares, anxiety focused on flashbacks, depression, etc

59
Q

What are the characteristics of Melanoma that you would look for?

A 
Asymmetry
Border-irregular
Colour-variation in colour
Diameter-typically more than 6mm
Evolution-look for changes in size, colour, bleeding, itchiness
60
Q

What are some signs of fluid volume deficit?

A
  • impaired cognitive function
  • fatigue, headaches
  • dry skin, mucous membranes, poor skin turgor
  • hypotension, tachycardia, increase pulse rate, weak pulse
  • bloodwork: higher concentrations of electrolytes
  • oliguria
61
Q

what are some signs of fluid volume overload?

A
  • dyspnea
  • crackles in lungs
  • fatigue
  • large volumes in, small volumes out
  • pitting edema in lower legs and ankles
  • bloodwork: diluted/lower concentration of electrolytes
62
Q

What is psoriasis? is it contagious?

A

rash usually on the elbows, white scales caused by excessive multiplication of skin cells, not contagious

63
Q

What is nevus simplex? what population would you seen it in?

A

“stork bite”, pink-red and flat, variable size, on the face or back of the neck, seen in infants, disappears by 18 months usually

64
Q

How frequently should you reposition someone with a pressure ulcer or to prevent pressure ulcer formation?

A

Every 2 hours minimum

65
Q

True or False: infants need a diet high in fat for growth and neurological development

A

true

66
Q

What is an insensible loss?

A

losses that occur on top of urine and feces such as from the skin, lungs, and GI (between ~1000ml-1200ml/day of water)

67
Q

What is anuria?

A

The inability to form urine

68
Q

What are the 2 components of the peritoneum?

A

parietal - attached to the abdominal wall

visceral- coats the organs

69
Q

what is the function of the small bowel?

A

absorb nutrients

70
Q

What is visceral pain?

A

pain directly related to the organ involved, pain is described as gnawing, burning, or cramping, poorly localized

71
Q

what is parietal pain?

A
  • inflammation of the peritoneum, pain is localized over involved structure, steady, aching or sharp with movement
  • pain can usually be localized to one of the four quadrants
  • patient usually in guarded position (keeping the muscles tight)
72
Q

Why might stool appear clay coloured?

A

Mal-absorption, hepatitis, gallbladder disorders

73
Q

What is a fissured tongue?

A

it is familial, fissures are of variable depth and extend laterally from the median groove

74
Q

What are some atypical cognitive changes that occur and are not a normal sign of aging?

A
  • dementia, memory loss of short term events, disorientation, tangentiality, lack of insight, impaired judgement
75
Q

What is onychomycosis?

A

a fungal infection of the nail

76
Q

In what conditions would an acute integumentary assessment be needed?

A

pressure ulcers, acute trauma and burns, acute dehydration, cyanosis or impaired skin integrity

77
Q

When staging a pressure ulcer, which stage would an ulcer with exposed bone/tendion/muscle fall into?

A

stage 4

78
Q

Is shingles a viral or bacterial infection?

A

viral - herpes zoster

79
Q

which population is at highest risk for kaposi sarcoma?

A

patients that are HIV positive

80
Q

What are the risk factors for a UTI?

A

incontinence, catheterization, hygiene, stasis of urine, intercourse, residual urine

81
Q

Why can digestion be described as both a mechanical and chemical process?

A

Mechanical - chewing

Chemical - stomach acid, bile, digestive enzymes

82
Q

What is meconium ileus and what is it a sign of?

A

A bowel obstruction from meconium in newborns that occurs in the ileum. It is the 1st sign of cystic fibrosis

83
Q

Why might stool appear green?

A
  • green, blue, dark purple, or green foods. ex. blueberries
  • food colouring
  • vitamins w/ chlorophyll
  • fast transit time
84
Q

What abdominal structures fall in the midline?

A

bladder, uterus, prostate

85
Q

How long would you auscultate the bowel sounds before declaring that there are absent bowel sounds?

A

5 minutes

86
Q

True or False: impaired long term memory and ability to make decisions are normal cognitive changes in the elderly

A

False - these are intact

87
Q

True of false: depression is not reversible in the elderly

A

False - it can be reversible

88
Q

True or False: individuals with delirium will have a fluctuating LOC and impaired attention

A

True

89
Q

What is a mini mental state exam used to screen for?

A

dementia

90
Q

True or False: individuals with Vascular Dementia will experience problems with the blood brain barrier

A

True

91
Q

What is the DSM-V used for?

A

to standardize assessment data and outcome to prevent indiscriminate diagnosis, helps get a broad understanding of the patient

92
Q

True or false: active neglect is unintentional withholding of care or basic necessities

A

False, it is intentional and deliberate

93
Q

What are patients with burns at risk of?

A

Acute dehydration

94
Q

what are the 5 main factors that affect micturition?

A

Disease or disability, fluid balance, medication, pelvic floor muscle tone, psychological factors

95
Q

What are the risk factors of weak pelvic floor muscle tone?

A

pregnancy, childbirth, heavy lifting, chronic constipation, obesity

96
Q

How might psychological factors affect micturition?

A

increased urgency and/or frequency and retention of urine. Stasis of urine can lead to UTI

97
Q

what is dysuria?

A

painful urination

98
Q

what would thrush be treated with?

A

an anti-fungal

99
Q

what is acute colonic pseudo obstruction? “Ogilvie’s syndrome”

A

acute dilation of a portion of the colon causing obstruction with no mechanical cause.

100
Q

what is a delusion?

A

a false, fixed belief based on an incorrect inference about reality. It is not shared by others and is inconsistent with the individual’s intelligence or cultural background. it cannot be corrected by reasoning.

101
Q

True or False: people with dementia are at an increased risk for developing delirium

A

True

102
Q

what does MoCA stand for and what does it assess?

A

Montreal Cognitive Assessment for mild cognitive dysfunction

Nursing 1220 (2 decks)

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