NUTR 316 LACTATION Flashcards
(50 cards)
Lactogenesis I
1st stage of lactogenesis
birth to 2-5 days
milk formation begins
Lactogenesis II
begins 2-5 days after birth
increased blood flow to breast; milk “comes in”
Lactogenesis III
begins at ~10 day after birth
milk composition is stable
Prolactin
Stimulates milk production
Oxytocin
Stimulates let down–>
milk to eject into ducts
Causes uterus to contract, seal blood vessels, & shrink in size
HORMONES- mammary glands
ACT ON MAMMARY GLANDS
prolactin= milk PRODUCTION
oxytocin= milk EJECTION
HORMONES-reproductive system
prolactin= inhibits ovulation oxytocin= promotes uterine contraction
How long does a baby need to breast feed?
Human milk is the only food needed by the majority of healthy infants for ~ 6 months*****
It nurtures & protects infants from infectious diseases
The composition of milk changes over time
a single feeding…over a day, based on age of the infant, & maternal nutrition status
FIRST MILKING
DURING THE FIRST FEW DAYS OF POST PARTUM
What is in breast milk?
Very high in proteins =>
secretory IgA
& lactoferrin
WATER
isotonic with maternal plasma
ENERGY
Energy
~0.65 kcal/mL
LIPIDS
provide 1/2 the calories in HUMAN milk
fatty acids= reflects moms diet
Lipids in breast milk- DIET
Very low fat diet with adequate carbs & protein, milk is low in medium-chain fatty acids
DHA
DOCOSA- HEXAENOIC ACID
essential for retinal development
=higher IQ scores
CHOLESTEROL
Early consumption of cholesterol through breast milk could be related to lower blood cholesterol levels later in life
Total proteins in HBM
Lower than whole cows milk
.32g/floz vs .96g/floz
Total proteins in HBM…
Have antiviral & antimicrobial effects
Casein
MAIN PROTEIN IN HBM
facilitates calcium absorption
Whey
Includes LACTOFERRIN- iron carrier
Non-protein nitrogen
~20-25% nitrogen- HBM
Used to make non-essential amino acids
Oligosaccharides
HBM
med-length CHO
Oligosaccharides
PREVENTS
- binding of pathogenic microorganisms to gut
- infection & diarrhea
