Nutraceuticals (not finished)

Question 1

Nutraceutical definition

Answer 1

Food, or part of a food that provide medical or health benefits, including the prevention and treatment of disease

(Diet supplement that delivers a concentrated form of a bioactive agent from food present in a non-food matrix, used to enhance health in dosages that exceed those found in normal food)

Question 2

Functional Foods definition

Answer 2

A natural or formulated food that has enhanced physiological performance, or even prevents or treats a particular disease

(Food that had a specific component incorporated into it to give a specific medical or physiological benefit, other than a purely nutritional benefit)

Question 3

Some nutraceuticals with a plant origin

Answer 3

garlic, green tea, grape seed extract, blueberries, Carotenoids: lutein, astaxanthin, lycopene, Beta-carotene

Question 4

Some nutraceuticals with an animal origin

Answer 4

Glucosamine, Chondroitin, fish oils, Co-enzyme Q10, Melatonin

Question 5

All tea comes from Camellia sinensis and contains..?

Answer 5

a) Polyphenols (catechins in the untreated plant)

Question 6

What is the extent of fermentation and process of making Green tea, Black tea and Oolong tea

Answer 6

Green tea:

• Doesn’t ferment
• Steam treated, kills polyphenol oxidase

Black tea:

• Fully fermented
• Naturally dried, leaves rolled & crushed
• (enzyme converts catechin to theaflavin + thearubigin)

Oolong tea:

• Partially fermented
• Dried w. hot air after 30 mins

Question 7

Green tea contains:

Answer 7

Caffeine,
Theophylline + Theobromine,
essential oils,
Polyphenols (catechins, epicatechin, epigatechin gallate)

Question 8

Green tea uses:

And dose!

Answer 8

Antioxidant (protect against oxidative damage)
Maintain cardiovascular bone, skin and oral health
Weight management

250-300mg extract daily, (standardised to 50-97% polyphenols) = 4-6 cups

Question 9

Grape seed extract from seeds of red grapes and contain:

Uses:

Dose:

Answer 9

proanthocyanidins (dimers/trimers of catechins)

Maintain cardiovascular health

100-300mg extract daily, (standardised to 92-95% proanthocyanidins)

Question 10

Blueberries (fruit of vaccinium species) contains:

Use:

Answer 10

Polyphenols: Anthcyanins (purple colouring), Procyanidines, Flavonols, resveratrol

CV effects:
Blood flow to brain (increase memory) and eye
Other age related degenerative diseases

Question 11

Carotenoids & Xanthophylls are pigments in fruits + veg. Where are these pigments found?:

Beta carotene
Lycopene
Lutein
Astaxathin + Xeaxanthin

Answer 11

Beta carotene- carrots
Lycopene- tomatoes
Lutein- concentrated in eye, found in green veg
Astaxathin + Xeaxanthin- colouring in prawns, salmon etc and red algae in diet

bioavailability of lycopene better when tomato cooked

Question 12

a) Non-oxygenated pigments (2)

b) Oxygenated pigment (3)

Answer 12

a) Carotenes, Lycopenes

b) Lutein, Astaxathin, Xeaxanthin