nutrients

Question 1

nutrient

Answer 1

a chemical substance in food that helps maintain the body

Question 2

what the body needs energy for

Answer 2

• movement
• growth
• reproduction
• repair damaged tissues
• maintenance of bodily functions

Question 3

the six nutrient groups

Answer 3

• vitamins
• minerals
• carbohydrates
• protein
• water
• fats / lipids

Question 4

maintenance diet

Answer 4

the correct nutrients in the right amounts, maintaining the correct weight and ultimately the good health of an animal

Question 5

calorie

Answer 5

a unit measure of energy in food

Question 6

macronutrient

Answer 6

generally needed in large quantities to provide energy

Question 7

micronutrient

Answer 7

essential in small amounts for the normal process and functions

Question 8

water functions

Answer 8

• lubricant (eyes, nose, mouth)
• solvent (to enable digestion of nutrients)
• transport (blood)
• regulator (removing heat produced by organs)
• cleanser (removes toxins)

Question 9

how is water lost from the body

Answer 9

• urination
• defecation
• saliva
• respiration
• sweating
• evaporation
• milk
• bodily fluids

Question 10

carbohydrates

Answer 10

• sugars (simple)
• starches (complex)
• cellulose (complex)

Question 11

simple carbohydrates

Answer 11

easy to break down through digestion → made up of one or two sugar molecules

Question 12

simple carbohydrates (examples)

Answer 12

• monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, galactose)
• disaccharides (maltose, lactose, sucrose)

Question 13

complex carbohydrates

Answer 13

• harder to break down because the sugar molecules are in longer, complicated chains
• made up of three or more sugars joined together

Question 14

complex carbohydrates (examples)

Answer 14

polysaccharides (starches, fibres, glycogen)

Question 15

monosaccharides

Answer 15

• single sugars
• structural isomers → share the same molecular formula
• C6H12O6

Question 16

disaccharides

Answer 16

• sugars composed of two monosaccharides joined together
• simple carbohydrates

Question 17

polysaccharides

Answer 17

chain of 10 or more sugars

Question 18

oligosaccharides

Answer 18

chain of three to six sugars

Question 19

functions of carbohydrates

Answer 19

• provide energy
• regulate blood glucose
• build other molecules
• storage of energy once converted to fats

Question 20

structure of a protein

Answer 20

• made up of many polypeptides (50+ amino acids)
• contains nitrogen → whereas the other 3 nutrient groups that provide energy don’t contain nitrogen

Question 21

functions of protein

Answer 21

• growth and repair of body tissues
• production of hormones and enzymes
• form the immune system (through amino acids)
• storage of energy once converted to carbohydrates and fats

Question 22

carboxyl group

Answer 22

COOH

Question 23

amino group

Answer 23

NH2

Question 24

structure of amino acids

Answer 24

Carbon , Hydrogen , Oxygen , Nitrogen
- central carbon bonded to carboxyl group
- amino group
- hydrogen atom
- R group (changes depending on what type of amino acid)

Question 25

peptides

Answer 25

strings of amino acids joined by a peptide bond

Question 26

peptide bond

Answer 26

when a carboxyl group in one molecule of an amino acid reacts with an amino group of another amino acid molecule and releases a molecule of water

Question 27

function of fats / lipids

Answer 27

- energy storage - insulation - vitamin absorption and transport (E, D, A, K) - help reinforce cell membranes

Question 28

saturated fatty acids

Answer 28

- full of hydrogens - single bond between carbons - carboxyl group - straight structure

Question 29

unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 29

- full of hydrogens - double bond between two carbons - carboxyl group - bent structure

Question 30

vitamins

Answer 30

organic substances used by the body for proper functioning

Question 31

organic

Answer 31

something containing carbon

Question 32

fat soluble vitamins

Answer 32

- vitamins stored in fats in the body - vitamins A, D, E, K

Question 33

water soluble vitamins

Answer 33

- vitamins not stored in the body and therefore the body needs them daily - vitamin C and B group vitamins

Question 34

vitamin functions

Answer 34

- wound healing - maintaining healthy skin / fur / coat - blood clotting - chemical reactions in the body - growth and development

Question 35

minerals

Answer 35

inorganic materials needed in small quantities

Question 36

how do animals obtain minerals

Answer 36

- drinking water - plants take up minerals via water → some animals eat those plants and other animals eat those animals

Question 37

macrominerals

Answer 37

- needed in large quantities - necessary for skeletal structure and transference of nutrients

Question 38

examples of macrominerals

Answer 38

- calcium - phosphorus - magnesium - potassium

Question 39

microminerals

Answer 39

- needed in small quantities - help the formation of enzymes

Question 40

examples of microminerals

Answer 40

- fluorine - iodine - zinc - iron

Question 41

enriched foods

Answer 41

lost vitamins and minerals are added back into the foods (vitamins and minerals are lost through cooking or processing food)

Question 42

fortified foods

Answer 42

extra vitamins and minerals are put into the foods