Nutrients

Question 1

ATP

Answer 1

adenosine
ribose
triphosphate - chemical energy in peptide bonds

Question 2

ADP

Answer 2

adenosine
ribose
diphosphate

Question 3

Carb stores (70kg man)

Answer 3

3-5g blood glucose
80-100g liver glycogen
300-400g muscle glycogen

Question 4

Fat stores (70kg man)

Answer 4

3.5-14kg adipose tissue
200-500g muscle triglyceride

Question 5

Why is ATP important during exercise?

Answer 5

success dependent upon abaility to provide energy for muscle contraction
ATP hydrolysis (ATP + H20 –> ADP + Pi + energy)

Question 6

ATP resynthesis anaerobic

Answer 6

match rate of utilisation
fast

PCr + ADP + H+ –> Cr + ATP
Glucose + 2ADP + 2Pi –> 2 lactate + 2H2O + 2ATP

Question 7

ATP resynthesis aerobic

Answer 7

Glucose + 6 O2 + 36 ADP –> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O +36 ATP

Palmitate + 23 O2 + 130 ADP –> 16 CO2 + 16 H2O +130 ATP

Question 8

Fat metabolism equation

Answer 8

triglyceride – lipolysis – fatty acids –> B oxidation

Question 9

Carb metabolism

Answer 9

Glycogen or glucose – glycolysis –> pyruvate (lactate) –> B oxidation

Question 10

Protein metabolism

Answer 10

protein – proteolysis –> amino acids (NH3) –> keto acids –> B oxidation

Question 11

Influence of exercise duration

Answer 11

after 2 hours of exercise, carb ingestion needed to maintain blood glucose and carb oxidation

Question 12

Function of food

Answer 12

provision of energy
regulation of metabolism
promotion of growth and development

Question 13

Macronutrients

Answer 13

present large amounts

carbs
fat
protein
water

Question 14

Micronutrients

Answer 14

present small amount

vitamins
minerals
trace elements

Question 15

Carbs function

Answer 15

60% of energy intake
fibre - health benefits
physical activity
CNS

Question 16

Carb-rich food

Answer 16

sugars - fruit, sweets, honey, sport drinks
startches - cereal, pasta, rice, bread
fibre - whole-grain cereals and bread, oats

Question 17

Carb molecule exampls

Answer 17

glucose
fructose
galactose
sucrose

amylose
amylopectin

Question 18

Water

Answer 18

adult body = 60% water
2/3 in cells
1/3 extracellular

Question 19

Water functions

Answer 19

nutrient transport
protection
temp regulation
biochem reactions
medium for reactions

Question 20

Fat function

Answer 20

fuel source
protect vital organs
constitutes cell membrane
precursors of bile, hormones and steroids
20-35% energy intake

Question 21

Fat-rich foods

Answer 21

fatty meats
fish
cheese
butter
avocado
nuts/seeds
chocoloate

Question 22

Fatty acids

Answer 22

triglycerides most abundant

short, medium, long chain

saturated fatty acid (no double bond)
unsaturated fatty acid (double bond)

Question 23

Protein

Answer 23

made up of amino acids
provide structure to all cells
metabolise many organs/tissues
regulators of synthesis of neurotransmitters, hormones, DNA and RNA
10% energy intake

Question 24

Protein-rich food

Answer 24

complete - fish, poultary, eggs, beef, pork, dairy
incomplete - legumes, nuts, seeds, whole grains veg

Question 25

9 essential amino acids

Answer 25

histidine isoleucine leucine lysine methionine phenylalanine threonine tryptophan valine

Question 26

Metabolism used during sprinting

Answer 26

ATP PCr glycolysis

Question 27

Endurance metabolism

Answer 27

CHO oxidation fat oxidation krebs cycle

Question 28

After 2 hours exercise

Answer 28

carb ingestion needed to maintain blood glucose and carb oxidation

Question 29

what is used in Lower energy expenditure

Answer 29

muscle glycogen blood glucose

Question 30

High energy expenditure

Answer 30

plasma FFA muscle triglycerides