Nutrients

Question 0

What is the classification of nutrients ?

Answer 0

Nutrients are divided into two groups :

Macronutrients and micronutrients.

Question 1

What is a nutrient ?

Answer 1

A nutrient is a chemical in food the nourishes the body eg. protein.

Question 2

What is the composition of protein?

Answer 2

Proteins are made up of amino acids.

Question 3

What are amino acids composed of and what do they look like ?

Answer 3

Amino acids are composed of the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen (chon) and look like beads on a chain.

Question 4

What is the classification of protein?

Answer 4

HBV protein (high biological value) and LBV protein (low biological value) are the classification of protein.

Question 5

What are sources of HBV protein and LBV protein?

Answer 5

HBV proteins are usually found in animal sources such as meat,fish & eggs and LBV proteins are usually found in plant sources such as beans, peas & nuts

Question 6

What is the function of protein?

Answer 6

The function of protein is for the growth and repair of body cells.

Question 7

What is the RDA (recommended dietary allowance) of protein?

Answer 7

The RDA of protein for adults is one gram for every kilogram they weigh

Question 8

What is the composition of fats ?

Answer 8

Fats are composed of glycerol and fatty acids.

They contain the elements carbon, hydrogen & oxygen.

Question 9

What is the classification of fats ?

Answer 9

The classification of fats are saturated and unsaturated fats.

Question 10

Name a few sources of saturated and unsaturated fats.

Answer 10

Meat, eggs & cheese are sources of saturated fats.

Olive oil, fish oils & nuts are sources of unsaturated fats.

Question 11

What does too much butter, cream and cheese lead to in later life?

Answer 11

It can lead to high cholesterol and coronary heart disease.

Question 12

What are the functions of fats ?

Answer 12

The functions of fats are :
•They provide heat and energy
•A layer of fat under the skin insulates the body and prevents
heat loss.
•Fats protect delicate organs such as kidneys and nerves.

Question 13

What are the compositions of carbohydrates ?

Answer 13

• Carbohydrates are made up of simple sugars, for example glucose.
• Simple sugars are joined together to form starch.
• Carbohydrates contain the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.

Question 14

What is the classification of carbohydrates ?

Answer 14

• sugars
• starches
• dietary fibre

Question 15

Name some sources of the classifications of carbohydrates.

Answer 15

Sugars : jam, sweets and honey.
Starches : cereals, potatoes and root veg.
Dietary fibre : brown bread and rice, fruit and veg with skins on.

Question 16

What are the functions of carbohydrates ?

Answer 16

• Sugars and starchy foods provide heat and energy
• Fibre helps the movement of food through the body (prevents constipation)
• Fibre gives a feeling of fullness.

Question 17

What are refined or processed cereals ?

Answer 17

Refined or processed cereals are cereals in which the fibre is removed.

Question 18

What is the RDA for fibre ?

Answer 18

The RDA for fibre is 30g.

Question 19

What are the two groups of vitamins ?

Answer 19

The two groups of vitamins are :
•Water-soluble (dissolve in water) - vitamin B group and vitamin C
•Fat-soluble (dissolve in fat) - vitamins A, D, E, & K

Question 20

What are the functions, sources and deficiency diseases for vitamin B group ?

Answer 20

Function : 
•release of energy from food.
•helps prevent neural tube defects (spina bifida) in the unborn child.
Sources : 
•red meat.
•fortified breakfast cereal.
Deficiency diseases : 
•increased risk of neural tube defects in babies.
•beri-beri (nerve disease)

Question 21

What are the functions, sources and deficiency diseases for vitamin C?

Answer 21

Function :
•general health
•helps the body absorb iron.
Sources :
•black currants, oranges, peppers, broccoli.
Deficiency disease :
•scurvy.

Question 22

What is changed to vitamin A in the body?

Answer 22

Carotene.

Question 23

What are the functions, sources and deficiency diseases for vitamin A?

Answer 23

Functions :    
•healthy skin
•healthy eyes
Sources :
•oily fish and eggs
Deficiency diseases :
•night blindness.
•rough, dry skin

Question 24

What are the functions, sources and deficiency diseases for vitamin D?

Answer 24

``` Function : •helps the absorption of calcium. Sources : •oily fish •eggs •fortified milk Deficiency disease : •rickets in children •osteoporosis in adults ```

Question 25

What does an excess of vitamin A or D in the diet cause ?

Answer 25

Hypervitaminosis

Question 26

What are the functions, sources and deficiency diseases for vitamin E?

Answer 26

``` Function : •an antioxidant (gets rid of bad cells) Sources : •nuts •eggs Deficiency diseases : •anaemia in newborn babies. ```

Question 27

What are the functions, sources and deficiency diseases for vitamin K?

Answer 27

``` Function : •helps blood to clot. Sources : •made in the intestine •green veg •cereals Deficiency diseases : •blood clotting problems ```

Question 28

Name six important minerals.

Answer 28

* calcium •phosphorous * iron •fluorine * sodium •iodine

Question 29

What are the functions and deficiency diseases for calcium ?

Answer 29

Function : strong bones and teeth. Deficiency disease : lack of calcium in the body makes the bones soft. This is called rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. Osteoporosis and tooth decay can also occur.

Question 30

What is the RDA for calcium ?

Answer 30

The RDA for calcium is 1200mg.

Question 31

What are the sources, functions and deficiency diseases of iron ?

Answer 31

Sources of iron : •red meat •fortified breakfast cereals •green vegetables Functions of iron : iron helps to make healthy red blood cells. It also makes haemoglobin in the red blood cells which helps carry oxygen around the body to give us energy. Deficiency disease : if you don't have enough iron in your body you can't make haemoglobin, which carries oxygen around your body to give you energy. This can lead to a disease called anaemia.

Question 32

What helps the absorption of iron ?

Answer 32

Vitamin C

Question 33

What is the RDA of iron ?

Answer 33

The RDA of iron is 14mg

Question 34

What are the functions, sources and deficiency diseases for fluorine ?

Answer 34

Sources : •Drinking water •fish Functions : healthy teeth. Deficiency diseases : tooth decay.

Question 35

What are the functions, sources and deficiency diseases for phosphorous ?

Answer 35

Sources : Meat, fish, eggs, milk, cheese. Functions : combines with calcium for strong bones and teeth. Deficiency diseases : Rare because it's found in so many foods.

Question 36

What are the functions, sources and deficiency diseases for sodium (salt) ?

Answer 36

Sources : Table salt, bacon, snack foods, butter, cheese Functions : controls water balance in the body Deficiency diseases : Muscle cramps.

Question 37

What is the RDA for salt ?

Answer 37

The RDA for salt is 6g

Question 38

How much water should we drink a day ?

Answer 38

We should drink at least 2 - 2.5 litres (8 glasses) of water a day

Question 39

What are the sources and functions of water ?

Answer 39

Sources : Tap/bottled water, milk and tea. Functions : •satisfies thirst •helps digestion •helps remove waste from the body eg. in urine •source of minerals such as fluoride and calcium •part of all body fluids