Nutrients Flashcards
(127 cards)
1
Q
Is Vitamin- C water-soluble or fat-soluble?
A
Water-Soluble
2
Q
What is another name for Vitamin-C?
A
Ascorbic acid
3
Q
What are sources of Vitamin-C?
A
Citrus fruits, broccoli, green pepper, strawberries, greens & melons
4
Q
What are the functions of Vitamin-C?
A
Collagen formation, antioxidant, enhances iron absorption
5
Q
Vitamin-C is needed for?
A
Wound healing & infection prevention
6
Q
What are S/S of Vitamin-C deficiency?
A
Scurvy, hemorrhaging, delayed wound healing
7
Q
What are S/S of excess Vitamin-C?
A
Hot flashes, headache, nausea, diarrhea
8
Q
Is Vitamin B complex Thiamin water-soluble or fat-soluble?
A
Water-Soluble
9
Q
What are sources of Vitamin B complex Thiamin?
A
Pork, liver, whole & enriched grains, legumes
10
Q
What are the functions of Vitamin B complex Thiamin?
A
Coenzyme in key reactions that produce energy from glucose
11
Q
What are S/S of Vitamin B complex Thiamin deficiency?
A
Beriberi, mental confusion, fatigue, Ataxia from the complication of Wernicke Korsakoff syndrome (name of the neuro complication of beriberi
12
Q
What are S/S of Vitamin B complex Thiamin excess?
A
None known
13
Q
Is Vitamin Riboflavin water-soluble or fat-soluble?
A
Water-Soluble
14
Q
What are the sources of Riboflavin?
A
Milk, organ meats, enriched grains, greens
15
Q
What are the functions of Riboflavin?
A
Carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism
16
Q
What are the S/S of Riboflavin deficiency?
A
Dermatitis, glossitis, photophobia
17
Q
What are the S/S of Riboflavin excess?
A
None known
18
Q
Is Vitamin Niacin water-soluble or fat-soluble?
A
Water-soluble
19
Q
What are sources of Niacin?
A
Kidney, grains, lean meat, nuts
20
Q
What are functions of Niacin?
A
Carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism
21
Q
What are S/S of Niacin deficiency?
A
Pellagra, dermatitis
22
Q
What are S/S of Niacin excess?
A
Flushing and itching, nausea, vomiting, liver damage
23
Q
Is Vitamin B6 water-soluble or fat-soluble?
A
Water-soluble
24
Q
What is another name for Vitamin B6?
A
Pyridoxine
25
What are sources of Vitamin B6?
Yeast, banana, cantaloupe, broccoli, spinach
26
What are the functions of Vitamin B6?
Coenzyme in protein, fat, carbohydrate metabolism
27
What are the S/S of Vitamin B6 deficiency?
Microcytic anemia, CNS problems
28
What are the S/S of Vitamin B6 excess?
Difficulty walking, numbness of feet and hands
29
Is Folate a water-soluble or fat-soluble?
Water-soluble
30
What are the sources of Vitamin Folate?
Green leafy vegetables, liver
31
What are the functions of Vitamin Folate?
RNA/DNA synthesis, formation & maturation of RBC
32
What are the S/S of Vitamin Folate deficiency?
Macrocytic anemia: fatigue, weakness, pallor, neural tube defects (most common spina bifida in new borns)
33
What are the S/S of Vitamin Folate excess?
None known
34
Is Vitamin B12 water-soluble or fat-soluble?
Water-soluble
35
What is another name for Vitamin B12?
Cyanocobalamin
36
What are sources of Vitamin B12?
Animal products: organ meats, seafood
37
What are functions of Vitamin B12?
Coenzyme in protein metabolism and formation of heme portion of hemoglobin
38
What are S/S of Vitamin B12 deficiency?
Pernicious anemia (B12 deficiency r/t impaired absorption due to lack of intrinsic factor)
39
What are the S/S of Vitamin B12 excess?
None known
40
Is Pantothenic acid water-soluble or fat-soluble?
Water-soluble
41
What are the sources of Pantothenic acid?
Widespread in foods; meat, poultry, fish, whole grain cereals
42
What are the functions of Pantothenic acid?
Carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism
43
What are the S/S of Pantothenic acid deficiency?
None known
44
What are the S/S of Pantothenic acid excess?
None known
45
Is Biotin water-soluble or fat-soluble?
Water-soluble
46
What are sources of Biotin?
Liver, egg yolk
47
What are the functions of Biotin?
Carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism
48
What are the S/S of Biotin deficiency?
Rare, dry skin, anorexia, fatigue
49
What are the S/S of Biotin excess?
None known
50
Is Vitamin A fat-soluble or water-soluble?
Fat-soluble
51
What are sources of Vitamin-A?
Liver, carrots, egg yolk, fortified milk, squash
52
What are the functions of Vitamin-A?
Visual acuity in dim light, formation & maintenance of skin and mucous membranes; immune function
53
What are S/S of Vitamin-A deficiency?
Night blindness, rough skin, bone growth ceases
54
What are S/S of Vitamin-A excess?
Anorexia, loss of hair, dry-skin, bone pain, vomiting, birth defects during pregnancy
55
Is Vitamin-D fat-soluble or water-soluble?
Fat-soluble
56
What are sources of Vitamin-D?
Sunlight (UV light), fortified milk, fish liver oils
57
What are the functions of Vitamin-D?
Calcium & Phosphorus metabolism, stimulates calcium absorption
58
People covered in clothing due to culture or in the dark for more than 6 months a year may have Vitamin-D deficiency. Is this True or False?
True
59
What are S/S of Vitamin-D deficiency?
Retarded bone growth, bone malformation
60
What are S/S of Vitamin-D excess?
Excessive calcification of bones, renal calculi, Nausea, Headache
61
Is Vitamin-E a water-soluble or fat-soluble?
Fat-Soluble
62
What are sources of Vitamin-E?
Vegetable oils, wheat germ, whole grain products
63
What are the functions of Vitamin-E?
Antioxidant, protects Vitamin-A, heme synthesis
64
What are the S/S of Vitamin-E deficiency?
Increased RBC hemolysis and microcytic anemia in premature infants
65
What are the S/S of Vitamin-E excess?
Relatively nontoxic, although large doses can cause fatigue, diarrhea, and enhance action of anticoagulant medications
66
Is Vitamin-K a fat-soluble or water-soluble?
Fat-soluble
67
What are sources of Vitamin-K?
Dark, green leafy vegetables; synthesized in intestines from gut bacteria
68
What are the functions of Vitamin-K?
Synthesis of certain proteins necessary for blood clotting
69
What are S/S of Vitamin-K deficiency?
Hemorrhagic disease of newborn, delayed blood clotting
70
What are S/S of Vitamin-K excess?
Hemolytic anemia and liver damage with synthetic Vitamin-K
71
Your intestines have flora that produce Vit-K, antibiotics destroy flora, this can lead to Vit-K deficiency. Is this True or False?
True
72
Newborns are born with sterile bowels so they can bleed that is why at birth they get a shot of Vit-K. Is this False or True?
True
73
What is the antidote to Vit-K?
Coumadin
74
What are ketones?
Chemical produced when there is a shortage of insulin in the blood, the body breaks down body fat for energy
75
If ketones is present in your urine, what does this mean?
Sign that your body is using fat for energy instead of using glucose because not enough insulin is available to use glucose for energy
76
Ketones in urine indicates starvation on a cellular level. Is this True or False?
True
77
In the absence of carbohydrates what does the body use to make glucose?
Fat & Protein
78
What is the end product of metabolism?
Ketones
79
Ketones can lead to Alkalosis or Acidosis?
Acidosis
80
What is the normal level of Ketones in the urine?
Zero
81
What is the breakdown of proteins (muscles) in the body? Does this create a - or + nitrogen balance?
Catabolism, negative balance
82
What is the buildup of proteins (muscles) in the body? Does this create a - or + nitrogen balance?
Anabolism, positive balance
83
What is the antidote for Coumadin?
Aquamephyton (vit-k)
84
What food sources can you teach a patient on Coumadin to avoid?
Green leafy vegetables
85
What is the disease of Vitamin-D deficiency?
Rickets
86
Vitamin D is only a Vitamin. Is this True or False?
False, its also a hormone
87
Large amount of Vitamin-D is produced in the body. Is this True or False?
False, small amounts is produced, you will need to ingest more.
88
What is needed to activate Vitamin-D?
Sunlight
89
What are S/S of rickets related to bones?
bowed legs, poor dentition
90
What type of people do not consume dairy products that are fortified with Vitamin-D?
Muslims, Vegetarians
91
Vegan Diet/Total vegetarian
Only plant based foods, excludes all animal products
92
Lacto-ovo vegetarian Diet
Milk & Eggs
93
Lacto-vegetarian
Milk products
94
Ovo-vegetarian
Eggs
95
What are complete proteins?
Contain sufficient amounts and proportions of all the essential amino acids to support growth
96
What are incomplete proteins?
Deficient in one or more essential amino acids
97
What are examples of incomplete proteins?
plant proteins (grains, legumes, vegetables)
98
Amino acids that cannot be synthesized by the body and are obtained from diet are classified as ESSENTIAL. Is this True or False?
True
99
How many essential amino acids are there?
9
100
What are examples of complete proteins?
animal proteins (eggs, dairy products, meats)
101
What is the only plant protein that is considered a complete protein?
SOY
102
Animal protein or plant protein + small amount of animal protein =
Complete Protein
103
Tissues that are continuously being broken down are known as
Catabolism
104
Tissues that are continuously being replaced are known as
Anabolism
105
Complementary proteins do not need to be eaten together so as long as the day's meal supply all of them. TRUE or FALSE?
True
106
What are examples of complementary vegetable proteins?
corn tortilla with refried beans and lentil rice soup.
107
What are Complementary proteins that use a small amount of animal protein?
Cereal with milk, rice pudding and cheese sandwich
108
Fiber is considered under a group name of?
Polysaccharides that cannot be digested by human enzymes
109
Examples of polysaccharides include?
cellulose, pectin, gums, fructans, lignin
110
Fiber is referred to as?
roughage
111
Where is fiber found?
in plants as a component of plant cell walls or intercellular structure
112
Carbohydrates are comprised of?
the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen arranged into basic sugar molecules
113
Carbohydrates are classified as?
simple sugars or complex carbohydrates
114
Simple sugars contain one (mono) or two (di-) sugar (saccharide) molecules. Is this statement False or True?
True
115
What are your Monosaccharides?
Glucose, Fructose, Galactose
116
Glucose, Fructose, Galactose are absorbed in digestion. Is this True or False?
False, it is absorbed "as is" without undergoing digestion
117
What are you Disaccharides?
Sucrose (table sugar), maltose, and lactose
118
How are Disaccharides absorbed?
Must be split into their component monosaccharides before they can be absorbed
119
What is the simple sugar of greatest distinction
Glucose known as dextrose
120
Complex carbohydrates are also known as?
Polysaccharides, composed of hundreds to 1000s of glucose molecules linked together
121
What are some types of polysaccharides?
Starch, glycogen, and fiber
122
Does polysaccharides taste sweet? If No, why not?
No, because their molecules are too large to fit on the tongue's taste bud receptors that sense sweetness
123
How much water accounts for adult's total weight?
50-60%
124
How much water should the average adult consume daily?
2200-3000 ml/day
125
Who is at risk for water deficiency?
Older people and comatose states or patients with altered renal function, profuse perspiration, diarrhea, vomiting, fistulas, drainage tubes, hemorrhage, severe burns
126
Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Cholesterol
The major class of atherogenic lipoproteins that carry cholesterol from the liver to the tissues. (BAD) want it low
127
High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol
Cruises the blood stream taking the bad cholesterol. (GOOD) >60 reducing heart disease.
