Nutrients

Question 1

Required Water Intake

Answer 1

30-35 mL water/kg BW daily

2. 7-3.7L/day average
3. 5L/day minimum

Question 2

Amount of body weight loss to be considered dehydrated

Answer 2

1%

Question 3

Additional amount of fluid needed for patients on air-fluidized beds

Answer 3

40-60mL

Question 4

Protein required for:

Answer 4

collagen synthesis
granulation tissue formation
angiogenesis
remodeling
immune function
osmotic pressure regulation to decrease incidence of edema
tissue repair
infection fighting
stage III and IV ulcers

Question 5

Amount of protein needed daily

Answer 5

1.25-1.5g of protein/kg BW daily

Question 6

Protein is made of __% of oxygen or nitrogen

Answer 6

16% nitrogen, need positive nitrogen balance to enhance wound healing

Question 7

_____: protein deficiency though deprivation or impaired absorption, significant weight loss, caused by CA & COPD

a. Marasmus
b. Kwashiorkor
c. Marasmus Kwashiorkor

Answer 7

a. Marasmus

Question 8

____: decreased albumin causes swelling, spares muscle, decreased immunity, infection, skin breakdown and pressure ulcers common

a. Marasmus
b. Kwashiorkor
c. Marasmus Kwashiorkor

Answer 8

b. kwashiorkor

Question 9

____:protein deficiency though deprivation or impaired absorption, significant weight loss, caused by CA & COPD, decreased albumin causes swelling, spares muscle, decreased immunity, infection, skin breakdown and pressure ulcers common

a. Marasmus
b. Kwashiorkor
c. Marasmus Kwashiorkor

Answer 9

c. Marasmus Kwashiorkor- combined- high risk of mortality & morbidity

Question 10

This amino acid is most abundant (20%) fuel source for small cells, primary fuel source for lymphocyte proliferation, precursor for nucleotide production in fibroblasts and macrophages, stimulates inflammatory response in wound healing, levels fall in plasma and muscle after trauma

Answer 10

Glutamine

Question 11

This amino acid is a semi-essential amino acid, decreased production in times of stress and injury, primary component in wound healing, increases collagen deposition, fibroblastic activity, and immune function

Answer 11

Arginine

Question 12

This amino acid helps support immune function, helps decrease muscle breakdown, need to give with arginine & glutamine

Answer 12

Hydroxy-methylbutyrate (HMB)

Question 13

____ :primarily in the form of glucose, provides energy for tissue and repair, protein sparing effect

a. albumin
b. carbs
c. amino acids
d. fats

Answer 13

b. carbs

Question 14

Amount of carbs required daily:

Answer 14

30-35 kcal/kg BW daily

Question 15

___ provides needed energy when carbs have been depleted

Answer 15

Fats

Question 16

___ assists in thermoregulation

Answer 16

Fats

Question 17

Free fatty acids are vital components of the ____ and are required for synthesis of new cells

a. epidermis
b. dermis
c. cell membrane

Answer 17

cell membranes

Question 18

Percent of total fat calories

Answer 18

20-30%

Question 19

Which vitamins are fat soluble: options are A, E, K C, B

Answer 19

EAK your fat!

Question 20

Which vitamins are water soluble: A, E, K, C, B

Answer 20

C, B

Question 21

TRUE OR FALSE: Vitamins can accumulate within the body and become toxic

Answer 21

True

Question 22

What medications can be inhibited by Vitamin A supplements?

a. corticosteroids
b. CCB
c. Anti-arrhythmic drugs
d. Anti-depressants

Answer 22

Corticosteroids and anti-inflammatory. Vitmain A is proflammatory

Question 23

Vitamin A (retinol) is primarily necessary for what?

Answer 23

Maintaining healthy skin and mucous membranes, repair of skin and strengthening it, and inflammation .

Question 24

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is essential for:

a. collagen synthesis
b. iron absorption
c. infection control
d. wound healing in malnourshed patients
e. all of the above
f. none of the above

Answer 24

e.

Question 25

Vitamin C RDA is :

Answer 25

60 mg/day

Question 26

Vitamin K is essential for: a. wound healing b. iron absorption c. blood clotting

Answer 26

c. blood clotting

Question 27

What medication should you not supplement Vitamin K with? a. Diruretics b. Anti-Inflammatory c. Anti-coagulation

Answer 27

c. Anticoagulation- | Coumadin

Question 28

B- complex vitamins are required for: a. immune function b. inflammation c. chemotaxis

Answer 28

a. immune function and energy metabolism | Fatigue and depression are signs of deficiency

Question 29

Vitamin B6 recommendation:

Answer 29

.4mg, for protein and hemoglobin synthesis

Question 30

Vitamin B12 recommendation:

Answer 30

2mg, prevents anemia

Question 31

Vitamin E does the opposite actions of what other vitamin?

Answer 31

Vitamin A | Vitamin E is anti-inflammatory and increases immune function. Too much can weaken the wound

Question 32

Microminerals include which of the following: | iron, calcium, phosphorous, zinc, copper, selenium, copper, magnesium

Answer 32

iron, zinc, copper, magnesium

Question 33

Macrominerals include which of the following: | iron, calcium, phosphorous, zinc, copper, selenium, copper, magnesium

Answer 33

Calcium Phosphorous Selenium

Question 34

20% of the body's zinc stores lie where?

Answer 34

Skin

Question 35

Zinc is essential for: a. collagen and protein synthesis b. inflammation c. coagulation d. immune function e. both a and d

Answer 35

a. collagen and protein synthesis | d. immune function

Question 36

Iron is a component of: a. hematocrit b. hemoglobin c. calcium

Answer 36

b. hemoglobin

Question 37

Iron is required for: a. antibody production b. collagen and DNA synthesis c. RBC formation d. O2 transport e. a and b f. all of the above

Answer 37

f. all of the above

Question 38

Copper is required for: a. antibody production b. hemoglobin synthesis and iron absorption/transport c. RBC formation d. O2 transport e. b and c f. all of the above

Answer 38

e. b and c | Also aids in collagen formation

Question 39

Reccomended copper dosage:

Answer 39

1.5-3mg

Question 40

Magnesium is important for: a. bone/protein synthesis b. hemoglobin synthesis and iron absorption/transport c. RBC formation d. O2 transport e. b and c f. all of the above

Answer 40

a | inadequate stores lead to HTN and vasoconstriction

Question 41

Calcium is important for: a. antibody production b. hemoglobin synthesis and iron absorption/transport c. bone formation, remodeling d. blood clotting e. c and d f. all of the above

Answer 41

e | also for mm contraction, a neurotransmitter, and fibrin synthesis

Question 42

Phosphorus is important for: a. normal metabolism b. hemoglobin synthesis and iron absorption/transport c. RBC formation d. bone formation e. a and d f. all of the above

Answer 42

e