Nutrition

Question 1

7 Nutrients needed for a balanced diet

Answer 1

Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Vitamins
Minerals
Water
Dietary Fibre

Question 2

Why do we need food?

Answer 2

for energy
for growth + repair of tissues
to help fight disease
to be healthy

Question 3

Elements in Carbohydrates

Answer 3

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen

Question 4

What are carbohydrates used for?

Answer 4

Broken down in cells to produce chemical energy -> fuels cells functions
Energy for muscle contractions

Question 5

Carbohydrates food sources

Answer 5

potatoes, rice, pasta

Question 6

What Carbohydrase enzymes break down Carbohydrates?

Answer 6

Amylase which makes starch -> maltose
Maltase which makes maltose -> glucose

Question 7

Test for Glucose

Answer 7

Benedicts Solution
Heat
Blue -> Brick Red

Question 8

Test for Starch (polymer of glucose)

Answer 8

Iodine
yellow -> blue/black

Question 9

Other polymers of glucose

Answer 9

Glycogen -> energy store/ found in tissues
Cellulose -> makes up cell walls + forms dietary fibre for peristalsis in small intestine

Question 10

Elements in Protein

Answer 10

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Sulfur

Question 11

What are proteins used for?

Answer 11

growth + repair of cells
makes enzymes + hormones for body regulation

Question 12

Protein food sources

Answer 12

Meat, fish, eggs, beans

Question 13

Protein deficiency disease

Answer 13

Kwashiorkor

Question 14

What protease enzyme is needed to break down protein

Answer 14

Pepsin and Trypsin make protein -> amino acids

Question 15

Test for protein

Answer 15

Biuret Solution
Blue -> Purple

Question 16

Elements in Lipids

Answer 16

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen (lower proportion than carbohydrates)

Question 17

What are lipids used for

Answer 17

insulation of vital organs
long term store of energy

Question 18

Lipids food sources

Answer 18

Olive Oil
Peanuts
Avocado

Question 19

What enzyme is needed to break down lipids?

Answer 19

Lipase -> fatty acids + glycerol

Question 20

Test for lipids

Answer 20

Add ethanol
Add water
Clear -> Cloudy (white emulsion)

Question 21

What are vitamins used for

Answer 21

chemicals in the body
no store of vitamins in the body -> need regular, small doses

Question 22

Vitamin A use in body

Answer 22

Good vision
Makes light - sensitive chemical in the eye retina

Question 23

Vitamin A sources

Answer 23

Liver
Carrots

Question 24

Vitamin A deficiency

Answer 24

Poor vision
Night Blindness

Question 25

Vitamin C use in body

Answer 25

Makes fibres of connective tissue (glue to bond cells together to make a tissue)

Question 26

Vitamin C sources

Answer 26

Fresh fruit + veg

Question 27

Vitamin C deficiency

Answer 27

Scurvy - bleeding gums

Question 28

Vitamin D use in body

Answer 28

Helps absorb calcium + phosphate

Question 29

Vitamin D sources

Answer 29

sunlight, egg yolks

Question 30

Vitamin D deficiency

Answer 30

Rickets -> deformed bones

Question 31

What are minerals used for

Answer 31

chemicals in the body no store of vitamins in the body -> need regular, small doses

Question 32

Calcium use

Answer 32

Making bones + teeth

Question 33

Calcium sources

Answer 33

Dairy products Soya

Question 34

Calcium deficiency

Answer 34

Weak bones

Question 35

Iron use

Answer 35

Makes haemoglobin Part of haemoglobin in red blood cells -> helps carry oxygen

Question 36

Iron sources

Answer 36

Red meat Leafy veg (e.g. spinach)

Question 37

Iron deficiency

Answer 37

Anaemia -> tiredness

Question 38

Water use

Answer 38

Prevents dehydration Needed for chemical reactions to occur in cells

Question 39

Water source

Answer 39

Water Juice fruit + veg

Question 40

Fibre use

Answer 40

Prevents constipation

Question 41

Fibre source

Answer 41

Brown bread Brown RIce Brown pasta

Question 42

Energy content of the food sample

Answer 42

Temp. change x Mass of water x 4.2 (specific heat capacity)

Question 43

Name 2 types of protease

Answer 43

Pepsin Trypsin

Question 44

Name 2 types of carbohydrase

Answer 44

Amylase Maltase

Question 45

Where is pepsin made and work?

Answer 45

Made: Stomach Work: Stomach

Question 46

Where is trypsin made

Answer 46

Made: Pancreas Works: Small Intestine

Question 47

Name 2 types of carbohydrase

Answer 47

Amylase Maltase

Question 48

Where is amylase made

Answer 48

Salivary Glands Pancreas

Question 49

Where does amylase work

Answer 49

Mouth, Small Intestine

Question 50

Where does maltase make and work?

Answer 50

Ileum

Question 51

Where is lipase made and work?

Answer 51

Made: Pancreas Work: Deudenum (needs bile)

Question 52

How does temperature affect enzyme function

Answer 52

changes shape of active site, substrate no longer complementary.

Question 53

How does pH affect enzyme function

Answer 53

after point of neutralisation, enzymes dentature