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Paedia > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

Breast feeding initiated and continued upto

A
  1. Initiated ASAP > 1hr of delivery

2. Continued upto 2yrs

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2
Q

Nipple confusion

A

Milk flows easier from a bottle milk than breast milk without much efforts. In a bottle fed baby, baby starts preferring bottle feeds to breast milk as less effort is needed for getting milk.

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3
Q

Signs of good attachment of baby to breast

A
  1. Baby’s mouth wide open
  2. Most of the areola and nipple are inside the baby’s mouth only upper part is visible
  3. Baby’s chin touches breast
  4. Baby’s lower lip is everted
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4
Q

Physiology of breast feeding ( reflexes in mom and baby)

A 
Maternal reflexes
1. Prolactin reflex
2. Oxytocin reflex
In baby
1. Rooting reflex
2. Suckling reflex
3. Swallowing reflex
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5
Q

Immunological components of breast milk

A 
PLABB
P- PABA (Para amino benzoyl acid) against Malaria
L- Lactoferrin - E. Coli
A- IgA
B- Bile salt Lipase - Guardia
B- Bifedus Factor - E. Coli
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6
Q

Bioactive substances in breast milk

A

Helps in intestinal maturation

  1. Epidermal Growth Factor
  2. Transforming Growth Factor- B
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7
Q

Breast milk contents

A

CH²O - 1. LACTOGEN
2. GALACTOCEREBROSIDE
PROTEIN 1. Whey Protein 2. Casein
FATS 1. PUFA (DHA, Arachidonic acid)

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8
Q

Other benefits of breast milk

A 
Baby -
1. IQ increases
2. NEC risk Decreases
3. SIDS risk Decreases 
Mother -
1. Lactation amenorrhea- prolactin
2. PPH risk Decreases- oxytocin - helps in involution 
3. Breast/ Ovary CA risk Decreases
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9
Q

Increased levels of Casein in breast milk causes

A

Constipation & Cow Milk Protein Allergy (CMPA)

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10
Q

Brain growth promoting substances in Breast milk

A
  1. Galactocerebroside
  2. Whey Protein
  3. Taurine, Cysteine
  4. DHA, Arachidonic acid
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11
Q

Nutrients Deficient in breast milk

A

Vit k - prophylactic given @ birth
Vit D - 400 IU/day upto 1 yr supplementation
Iron - supplement in preterm babies
Vit B12 - (in strict vegetarian mothers)

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12
Q

Absolute contra indication of breast feeding

A
  1. 1° lactose intolerance
  2. Galactosemia
  3. Mother on RT/CT
  4. Mixed Feeding in HIV mothers
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13
Q

Relative contra indications breast feeding

A

Maternal infections

  1. HIV
  2. Herpes
  3. TB
  4. Varicella
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14
Q

Milk produced my mother of preterm baby has increased contents of

A 
SIIPS
S- Sodium
I- Iron
I- IgA
P- Proteins
S- Sugar (calorie)
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15
Q

Protein requirement in

  1. 0-6months
  2. 6-12months
  3. <5yrs
  4. 5-10yrs
  5. 10-12 /early adolescent
  6. Mid & late adolescents
A
  1. 1.2 g/kg/day
  2. 1.7 g/kg/day
  3. 20g/day
  4. 30g/day
  5. 40g/day
  6. 50g/day
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16
Q

Calorie requirement in

  1. 1st 10kg
  2. 10-20kg
  3. > 20kg
A
  1. 100kcal/kg/day
  2. 1000 + 50kcal/kg/day for each additional kg
  3. 1500 + 20kcal/kg/day –”–
17
Q

Breast problems during lactation

A

Inverted nipple
Sore nipple
Breast engorgement/ mastitis
Breast abscess

18
Q

Causes of short limb dwarfism

A

ACR

  1. Achondroplasia
  2. Congenital hypothyroidism
  3. Rickets
19
Q

Achondroplasia - pathogenesis

A

Autosomal Dominant

FGFR3 gene defect in chromosome 4p

20
Q

Achondroplasia - C/F

A
  1. Rhizomelia (short proximal limbs)
  2. Large Head with Prominent forehead
  3. Hydrocephalus due to small F. Magnum
  4. Spinal cord stenosis d/t reduced interpeduncular distance
  5. Trident Hand
  6. Champagne Glass Pelvis
21
Q

Causes of small trunk dwarfism

A

SMall TV

  1. Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia
  2. Mucopolysacchridosis
  3. TB spine (Potts spine)
  4. Vertebral anomalies
22
Q

US:LS Ratio normal

A

Birth - 1.7:1
3-5yrs - 1.3:1
5-7 yrs - 1:1
7-10yrs - 0.9:1

23
Q

Proportionate short stature /dwarfism causes

A

CAM of GCN ( gaming channel network)

  1. C - Cushing’s syndrome
  2. A - Acquired hypothyroidism
  3. M - Malnutrition
  4. G - Growth Hormone deficiency
  5. C - Chromosomal anomalies
  6. N - Normal Variant
24
Q

CHARGE Syndrome

A 
A/with choanal atresia
C- Coloboma of eye
H- Heart defects
A- Attesia(choanal)
R- retardation (growth)
G- genitourinary anomalies
E- Ear Anomalies

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