Nutrition

Question 1

3 Components of Daily Energy Expenditure

Answer 1

BMR (Basal Metabolic Rate)
Energy for voluntary actions
Energy needed to process food (Diet-Induced Thermogenesis)

Question 2

70kg Daily Energy Expenditure

Answer 2

About 12,000Kj

Question 3

58kg woman daily energy expenditure

Answer 3

9,500Kj

Question 4

Essential Dietary Components

Answer 4

Carbs (Energy store)
Lipids (High density energy store, needed to absorb fat soluble molecules)
Proteins (Supply amino acids that can’t be made)
Vitamins (water soluble/fat soluble)
Minerals
Fibre (Needed for healthy GI/normal bowel function) Bacteria breakdown fibre releasing energy which is used by bowel cells
Water

Question 5

BMR contributor %s

Answer 5

Skeletal Muscle = 30%
CNS = 20%
Liver = 20%
Heart = 10%

Question 6

BMR =

Answer 6

Body weight (Kg) x 100

Question 7

9 Essential Amino Acids
Can’t be synthesised (diet only)

Answer 7

If. Isoleucine
Learnt Lysine
This. Threonine
Huge. Histidine
List. Leucine
May. Methionine
Prove. Phenlyalanine
Truly Tryptophan
Valueable. Valine

Question 8

BMI =

Answer 8

Weight(kg) / height squared

Question 9

Kwashiorkor

Answer 9

Protein low with carbs, causes oedema, albumin can’t be made, oncotic pressure is low, so water retained in tissues

Question 10

Marasmus

Answer 10

Protein-energy malnutrition, muscle wastage/emaciation

Question 11

Refeeding syndrome

Answer 11

When carbs and protein are reintroduced to a starved patient to quickly. Influx of glucose causes lots of insulin to be made. Causes lots of glycogen, protein and lipids to be synthesised. This uses ions like magnesium, phosphates and potassium leading to further depletion of these electrolytes.

Question 12

Cell metabolism definition

Answer 12

The highly integrated network of chemical reactions that occur within cells

Question 13

BMI < 18.5

Answer 13

Underweight

Question 14

BMI 18.5 - 24.9

Answer 14

Desirable weight

Question 15

BMI 25-29.9

Answer 15

Overweight

Question 16

BMI 30-34.9

Answer 16

Obese

Question 17

BMI > 35

Answer 17

Severely Obese

Question 18

Body weight depends on

Answer 18

Balance between energy intake and energy expenditure
Also other factors like, genetics, drug therapy and endocrine disorders

Question 19

Catabolism

Answer 19

Is oxidative,releases lots of free energy, involves breakdown of larger molecules into smaller intermediate molecules

Question 20

Anabolism

Answer 20

Is reductive, uses free energy to build larger molecules from smaller intermediates, these reactions obtain the energy and intermediates from catabolic reactions

Question 21

Functions of cell metabolism

Answer 21

Energy for cell function and synthesis of cell components
Needed for cell growth, maintenance, repair and division
Produce bio synthetic reducing power

Question 22

Cells need constant energy supply

Answer 22

So the metabolic reactions to maintain the cell can occur

Question 23

Something is oxidised when

Answer 23

Hydrogen is removed, oxygen is added or electrons are removed (OIL)

Question 24

Reduction

Answer 24

Hydrogen is added, electrons are accepted or oxygen is removed

Question 25

3 Major Carrier Moleculees have reducing power

Answer 25

NAD+ NADP+ FAD

Question 26

The carriers supplied in diet

Answer 26

From vitamins

Question 27

NADH and FADH2 formed in catabolism

Answer 27

They get oxidised which leads to reduction of O2 to water releasing free energy which is set to drive ATP Synthesis

Question 28

Free energy (Delta G)

Answer 28

The energy available to do work

Question 29

ATP role

Answer 29

ATP is a carrier of free energy not a store

Question 30

When fuels are oxidised during catabolism,the free Energy released is used to phosphorylase ADP to form ATP

Answer 30

Energy released when phosphate group removed by hydrolysis (High energy of hydrolysis bond)

Question 31

High energy signals

Answer 31

ATP, NADH, NADPH and FADH2 are high energy signals, when levels are high anabolic reactions are stimulated

Question 32

Low energy signals

Answer 32

ADP, AMP, NAD+, NADP+ and FAD when levels of these are high catabolic reactions are stimulated to counteract the low levels of ATP

Question 33

Creatine + ATP <———> Creatine Phosphate +ADP + Pi Enzyme is Creatine Kinase

Answer 33

Creatine Phosphate is a store of energy in the muscle cells

Question 34

Creatinine has no function

Answer 34

IS excreted and is an indicator of skeletal muscle mass