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Dermatology > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

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1
Q

Cow Milk Allergy: Examples of skin conditions (5)

A

Pruritus
Erythema
Atopic eczema
Acute Urticaria
Acute angioedema

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2
Q

Cow Milk Allergy: What is done after diagnosis?

A

Cow milk-free diet until 9-12 months for at least 6 months

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3
Q

Cow Milk Allergy: Management

A

Combination fed receive extensively hydrolyse formula - cow milk proteins are broken into short chains

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4
Q

Cow Milk Allergy: What are comfort milks?

A

Lower lactose and protein that is partially hydrolysed so easier to digest

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5
Q

Food Intolerance

A

Non-immune reaction to food

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6
Q

Obesity: Impact on collagen

A

Reduced mechanical strength of the skin due to failure of collagen deposition to match the increased surface area

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7
Q

Obesity: Impact on Sebaceous Glands

A

Increased androgens produced in peripheral fat to stimulate sebaceous glands

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8
Q

Obesity: Impact on Subcutaneous Fat

A

Endocrine function of adipose tissue is altered with increased hormone production e.g. Testosterone

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9
Q

Obesity: Impact on the Lymphatics

A

Pressure from fat impedes lymphatic flow and causes leakage of protein-rich lymphatic fluid into subcutaneous tissues

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10
Q

Obesity: Impact on Circulation

A

Microvascular dysfunction results in increased skin blood flow attributing to hypertension

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11
Q

Obesity: Impact on Apocrine and Eccrine Glands

A

Increased activity in enlarged skin folds increases moisture, skin maceration and friction in folds increases irritation

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12
Q

Obesity: Impact on Barrier Function

A

Increases transepidermal water loss so skin tends to be dry

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13
Q

Obesity: Direct skin manifestations due to peripheral insensitivity to insulin

A

Acanthosis nigricans
Skin tags

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14
Q

Acanthosis nigricans

A

Velvety thickening and pigmentation of the skin folds

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15
Q

Obesity: Where are skin tags associated with insulin resistance located?

A

Axillae
Neck Areas

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16
Q

Hyperandrogegism

A

Increased male hormone levels due to an increased production of fat

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17
Q

Hirsutism

A

Increased hair in females in a male distribution

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18
Q

Striae dispense occurs due to what?

A

Dermal connective tissue injury

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19
Q

Skin Manifestations of Hyperandrogegism

A

Hirsutism
Acne
Hidradenitis suppurativa
Andorgenetic alopecia
Striae dispense

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20
Q

Skin Disease and Obesity: Lymphoedema - Increased subcutaneous fat causes what?

A

Reduced lymphatic drainage leading to swelling

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21
Q

Skin Diseases aggravated by Obesity (5)

A

Lymphoedema
Chronic Venous Insufficiency
Skin Infections
Intertigo
Psoriasis

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22
Q

Skin Disease and Obesity: Why does intertigo develop?

A

Develops in skin folds due to high moisture, friction, increased pH and reduced barrier function

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23
Q

Skin Disease and Obesity: What psoriasis is aggravated by obesity?

A

Flexural psoriasis

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24
Q

Examples of Fat Soluble Vitamins (3)

A

Vitamin A
Vitamin K
Vitamin D

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25
Vitamin A: Function
Epithelial proliferation, keratinisation and development
26
Vitamin A: Sources
Milk Liver Eggs Oily fish
27
Vitamin A: How does a deficiency present?
Keratotic follicular papules on the thighs, upper arms with dry skin
28
Vitamin K: Function
Blood coagulation
29
Vitamin K: Sources
Green leafy veg Liver Vegetable oils
30
Vitamin K: Deficiency presentation
Bleeding tendency causes purport and easy bruising
31
Vitamin D: Clinical Presentation of deficiency in Children
Rickets - bone disease with softening and weakening of the bones due to loss of calcium and phosphate from the bones causing destruction of the supportive matrix
32
Rickets
Bone disease with softening and weakening of the bones due to loss of calcium and phosphate from the bones causing destruction of the supportive matrix
33
Vitamin D: Deficiency presentation in Adults
Osteomalacia - muscular weakness, bone pain and bone fractures that can lead to Osteoporosis
34
Osteomalacia
Muscular weakness, bone pain and bone fractures that can lead to Osteoporosis
35
Vitamin D: Deficiency aetiology
Lack of sunlight exposure Dietary lack of vitamin D Medical conditions affecting absorption Kidney disorders
36
Vitamin D: How do kidney disorders lead to Vitamin D deficiency?
Prevents the conversion of Vitamin D3
37
Examples of Water Soluble Vitamins (7)
Vitamin B2 Vitamin B3 Vitamin B6 Folate Vitamin B12 Biotin Vitamin C
38
Vitamin B2 another name for it
Riboflavin
39
Vitamin B2: Sources
Milk Liver Meat Eggs Green leafy vegetables
40
Vitamin B2: Deficiency presentation
Cheilosis - lesions on the margins of the lips Angular stomatitis - lesions on the corners of the mouth Painful, red and dry tongue
41
Vitamin B2: Diagnosis
Measure the activity coefficient of erythrocyte glutathione reductase
42
Vitamin B3 another name
Niacin
43
Vitamin B3: Sources
Meat Fish Nuts Coffee
44
Vitamin B3: Converted from what in the body?
Dietary Tryptophan
45
Vitamin B3: Deficiency presentation (4)
Dermatitis Delirium Diarrhoea Death - in 4-5 years if untreated
46
Vitamin B3: Dermatitis description
Bilateral symmetrical itchy red rash that is worse on sun exposed areas
47
Vitamin B3: Diagnosis
Measure niacin levels
48
Vitamin B3: Management
Nicotinamide
49
Vitamin B6: Sources
Meat Cereals Milk Potatoes
50
Vitamin B6: Deficiency presentation
Dermatitis of the face, scalp, neck, shoulders, buttocks, and perineum Glossitis - tongue inflammation
51
Folate: Sources
Liver Green leafy veg Beans Nuts
52
Folate: Deficiency presentation (5)
Anaemia Angular stomatitis Glossitis Hair depigmentation Skin and Mucous membrane pigmentation
53
Vitamin B12: Source
Only in foods of animal origin
54
Vitamin B12: Deficiency presentation
Anaemia Angular stomatitis Glossitis Hair depigmentation Skin and Mucous membrane pigmentation
55
Biotin: Source
Cereal Milk Eggs Meat Nuts
56
Biotin: What in the body produces biotin?
GIT bacteria
57
Biotin: Deficiency presentation
Facial dermatitis Glossitis Alopecia
58
Vitamin C: Function
Essential co-factor for collagen formation
59
Vitamin C: Sources
Citrus fruit Strawberries Blackcurrants Potatoes
60
Vitamin C: Deficiency presentation
Hyperkeratosis around hair follicles Poor wound healing Inflamed gums Fatigue
61
Vitamin C: Another name for this
Ascorbic Acid
62
Zinc: Sources
Meat Fish Milk Eggs Cereal Nuts
63
Zinc: Genetic zinc deficiency presentation
Acrodermatitis Enteropathica
64
Zinc: Acrodermatitis Enteropathica presentation
Diarrhoea Alopecia Dry and Brittle hair Perioral, Facial and Acral dermatitis
65
Zinc: Acquired zinc deficiency presentation
Dermatitis rash of the hands and feet
66
Zinc: Zinc deficiency impact on children
Growth retardation
67
Two forms of protein energy malnutrition
Marasmus Kwashiokor
68
Marasmus
Global nutrient deficiency causing weight loss by fat breakdown
69
Marasmus: Main clinical presentation
Thin child with muscle wasting
70
Marasmus: Impact on the skin
Dry, wrinkled and loose
71
Marasmus: Impact on hair
Alopecia due to thin brittle hair
72
Kwashiokor
Malnutrition due to low protein intake with reasonable carbohydrate intake
73
Kwashiokor: Main clinical presentation
Oedema with an enlarged 'pot belly'
74
Kwashiokor: Skin changes
Irregular or patchy discolouration - dark skin May split when stretched - pale areas between the cracks
75
Intertigo
Macerated plaques that develop in the body folds
76
Intertigo: Why are body folds prone to inflammatory rashes?
High skin temperature Moisture from sweating cannot evaporate Friction from movement of adjacent skin
77
Acanthosis Nigricans
Abnormal velvety thickening and darkening of the skin especially in the body creases
78
Acanthosis Nigricans: Locations
Axilla Groin Neck
79
Acanthosis Nigricans: More common in what skin types?
Darker skin types
80
Acanthosis Nigricans: What is the most common cause?
Obesity
81
Name for skin tags
Acrochordons
82
Acrochordons
Soft small harmless skin coloured growths up to 5cm wide that hang off the skin
83
Acrochordons: Locations
Skin folds - neck, axilla, groin, under the breasts and buttocks folds Eyelids
84
Acrochordons: Tends to occur in what patients?
Older Obese Type II Diabetes

Dermatology (5 decks)

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