Nutrition Flashcards
(38 cards)
It is the assimilation by living organisms of food materials that enable them to grow, maintain themselves, and reproduce.
Nutrients
Function of Nutrients
Provide chemical energy for cellular processes;
Provide Organic building blocks for macromolecules that contributes to body structure; and
Provide Essential Nutrients that regulates chemical processes in the body. (Metabolism)
Types of Nutrients
Micronutrients and Macronutrients
are carbon-based compounds that can be metabolically processed into cellular energy through changes in their chemical bonds.
Macronutrients
are essential for carrying out bodily functions, but they are required by the body in lesser amounts.
Micronutrients
Modes of Nutrition
Autotrophic and Heterotrophic
They sustain themselves without eating anything derived from other living beings. Also called ‘Self-feeders’ or producers.
Autotrophic Organisms (Autotrophs)
They are unable to make their own food, thus they live on compounds produced by other organisms. Also called consumers.
Heterotrophic Organisms
The process of taking in food is called _______________
Ingestion
True or False:
Nutrition in animals depends upon the feeding habits of the animals.
True
feeding in which strains small organisms or food particles from the surrounding medium, i.e. water.
Filter Feeding (ex. Baleen of Whales)
feeding while living in or on their food source.
Substrate Feeding (ex. Caterpillar)
feeding by sucking nutrient-rich fluid from a living host.
Fluid Feeding (ex. Mosquito)
Feeding by eating relatively large pieces of food.
Bulk Feeding (ex. Humans and Snakes)
Four (4) distinct stages of Food Processing:
Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption, and Elimination
A mode of nutrition where organisms “feed” without eating anything derived from other living beings.
Autotrophic
Amino acids that cannot be fabricated by the body and must be obtained from food.
Essential Amino Acids
The Eight amino acids required for Human Diet
Isoleucine
Leucine
Lysine
Methionine
Phenylalanine
Threonine
Tryptophan
Valine.
(Human infants also need a ninth, Histidine.)
Although animals can synthesize many fatty acids, they lack the enzymes to form the double bonds found in certain required fatty acids. Instead, these molecules must be obtained from the diet.
Essential Fatty Acids (ie. Linoleic Acid found in seeds)
True or False:
Plants, unlike animals, do not have to obtain organic materials for their nutrition, although these form the bulk of their tissues.
TRUE
True or False:
By trapping solar energy in photosynthetic systems, they are able to synthesize nutrients from carbon dioxide (CO2) and water.
TRUE
Required elements for a plant to complete its life cycle and produce another generation.
Essential Elements in Plants
Nonpathogenic bacteria (or fungi)that live between cells within the plant itself but do not form deep, intimate associations with the cells or alter their morphology.
Endophytes
Both ______________ and ______________ depend on nutrients such as sugars, amino acids, and organic acids that are secreted by plant cells.
endophytic bacteria, rhizobacteria
