Nutrition

Question 1

It is the assimilation by living organisms of food materials that enable them to grow, maintain themselves, and reproduce.

Answer 1

Nutrients

Question 2

Function of Nutrients

Answer 2

Provide chemical energy for cellular processes;

Provide Organic building blocks for macromolecules that contributes to body structure; and

Provide Essential Nutrients that regulates chemical processes in the body. (Metabolism)

Question 3

Types of Nutrients

Answer 3

Micronutrients and Macronutrients

Question 4

are carbon-based compounds that can be metabolically processed into cellular energy through changes in their chemical bonds.

Answer 4

Macronutrients

Question 5

are essential for carrying out bodily functions, but they are required by the body in lesser amounts.

Answer 5

Micronutrients

Question 6

Modes of Nutrition

Answer 6

Autotrophic and Heterotrophic

Question 7

They sustain themselves without eating anything derived from other living beings. Also called ‘Self-feeders’ or producers.

Answer 7

Autotrophic Organisms (Autotrophs)

Question 8

They are unable to make their own food, thus they live on compounds produced by other organisms. Also called consumers.

Answer 8

Heterotrophic Organisms

Question 9

The process of taking in food is called _______________

Answer 9

Ingestion

Question 10

True or False:

Nutrition in animals depends upon the feeding habits of the animals.

Answer 10

True

Question 11

feeding in which strains small organisms or food particles from the surrounding medium, i.e. water.

Answer 11

Filter Feeding (ex. Baleen of Whales)

Question 12

feeding while living in or on their food source.

Answer 12

Substrate Feeding (ex. Caterpillar)

Question 13

feeding by sucking nutrient-rich fluid from a living host.

Answer 13

Fluid Feeding (ex. Mosquito)

Question 14

Feeding by eating relatively large pieces of food.

Answer 14

Bulk Feeding (ex. Humans and Snakes)

Question 15

Four (4) distinct stages of Food Processing:

Answer 15

Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption, and Elimination

Question 16

A mode of nutrition where organisms “feed” without eating anything derived from other living beings.

Answer 16

Autotrophic

Question 17

Amino acids that cannot be fabricated by the body and must be obtained from food.

Answer 17

Essential Amino Acids

Question 18

The Eight amino acids required for Human Diet

Answer 18

Isoleucine
Leucine
Lysine
Methionine
Phenylalanine
Threonine
Tryptophan
Valine.

(Human infants also need a ninth, Histidine.)

Question 19

Although animals can synthesize many fatty acids, they lack the enzymes to form the double bonds found in certain required fatty acids. Instead, these molecules must be obtained from the diet.

Answer 19

Essential Fatty Acids (ie. Linoleic Acid found in seeds)

Question 20

True or False:

Plants, unlike animals, do not have to obtain organic materials for their nutrition, although these form the bulk of their tissues.

Answer 20

TRUE

Question 21

True or False:

By trapping solar energy in photosynthetic systems, they are able to synthesize nutrients from carbon dioxide (CO2) and water.

Answer 21

TRUE

Question 22

Required elements for a plant to complete its life cycle and produce another generation.

Answer 22

Essential Elements in Plants

Question 23

Nonpathogenic bacteria (or fungi)that live between cells within the plant itself but do not form deep, intimate associations with the cells or alter their morphology.

Answer 23

Endophytes

Question 24

Both ______________ and ______________ depend on nutrients such as sugars, amino acids, and organic acids that are secreted by plant cells.

Answer 24

endophytic bacteria, rhizobacteria

Question 25

True or False:

Endophytic bacteria and rhizobacteria enhance plant growth by a variety of mechanisms.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

convert gaseous nitrogen (N2) to ammonia (NH3) making it an available nutrient to the host plant which can support and enhance plant growth, through nitrogen fixation.

Answer 26

Rhizobacteria

Question 27

Also utilized to improve water and nutrient uptake, abiotic and biotic stress tolerance.

Answer 27

Rhizobacteria

Question 28

Increases the surface area for water uptake and also supplies the plant with phosphate and other minerals absorbed from the soil.

Answer 28

Mycorrhizae

Question 29

The _______________________ also secrete growth factors that stimulate roots to row and branch, as well as antibiotics that help protect the plant from soil pathogens

Answer 29

fungi of mycorrhizae

Question 30

Macronutrients in Plants:

Answer 30

Carbon (CO2): 45%
Oxygen (CO2): 45%
Hydrogen (H2O): 6%
Nitrogen (NO3, NH4): 1.5%
Potassium (K): 1%
Calcium (Ca): 0.5%
Magnesium (Mg): 0.2%
Phosphorus (H2PO4): 0.2%
Sulfur (SO4): 0.1%

Question 31

Micronutrients in Plants:

Answer 31

Chlorine
Iron
Manganese
Boron
Zinc
Copper
Nickel
Molybdenum

Question 32

The mantle of the fungal mycelium ensheates the root.

Answer 32

Ectomycorrhizae

Question 33

No mantle forms around the root but microscopic fungal hyphae extend into the root

Answer 33

Arbuscular mycorrhizae

Question 34

Identify if the item is a Macronutrient or a Micronutrient.

Leucine

Answer 34

Macronutrient

Question 35

Identify if the item is a Macronutrient or a Micronutrient.

Ascorbic Acid

Answer 35

Micronutrient

Question 36

Identify if the item is a Macronutrient or a Micronutrient.

Calcium

Answer 36

Macronutrient

Question 37

Identify if the item is a Macronutrient or a Micronutrient.

Linoleic Acid

Answer 37

Macronutrient

Question 38

Identify if the item is a Macronutrient or a Micronutrient.

Vitamin D

Answer 38

Micronutrient