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Exam 1 Year 3 > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

What should optimal nutrition provide enough nutrients for?

A

*Prevent deficiency
*Optimise body stores
*Optimise biochemical/physiological function
*Optimise a risk factor for some chronic disease
*Minimise incidence of a disease

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2
Q

What is the recommended amount of units for an adult?

A

14

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3
Q

How much folic acid should a pregnant lady have in the first trimester?

A

400ug OD

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4
Q

Can organic compounds be synthesised within the body?

A

No

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5
Q

What are the functions of Ca, Mg and P?

A

Structural - bones and teeth

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6
Q

What does iron do?

A

*Haemoglobin
*Myoglobin (Muscle)
*Cytochrome P450s
*Catalase
*Peroxidase
*Cell growth and differentiation

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7
Q

How is Vitamin B12 absorbed?

A

The stomach produces an intrinsic factor, for receptor mediated endocytosis in the terminal ileum.

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8
Q

How are fat soluble vitamins absorbed?

A

Carried in micelles and absorbed passively with end products of fat digestion - monoglyceryl

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9
Q

Why are calcium and Iron absorption tightly regulated?

A

As too much Ca/Fe can damage cells

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10
Q

Explain how Iron is absorbed from dietary intake?

A

1) A person eats 10mg of iron
2) 1mg of iron is absorbed into the gut epithelial cells
3) Plasma transferrin iron carries 3-4mg of Iron around
4) The bone marrow, RBC precursors –> Tissue iron –> Iron lost from the body (1mg)
5) Iron circulates in RBCs (2500mg)
6) Goes to the Spleen and reticulo endothelial macrophages
7) then back to the plasma

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11
Q

How much iron is within the Iron stores?

A

300-1000mg

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12
Q

What is Iron stored as?

A

*Ferritin
*Hemosiderin
-If not stored damages DNA

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13
Q

How is Iron absorption tightly regulated?

A

Through the transport of proteins involved in the absorption of iron in the lumen of the gut.
*Haem carrier protein 1 - Haem Iron
*Divalent metal transport - Non-Haem iron - Carry iron into the epithelial cells
-This allows iron to be absorbed into the cell
Which is then stored as ferritin or transported by ferapartan into the bleed stream bound to transferrin

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14
Q

Vitamin C in the same meal as Iron increases absorption, Why is this?

A

Vitamin C is an anti-oxidant which reduces Fe3+ to Fe2+
Ferric –> Haem Iron

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15
Q

What happens to a patient who is anaemic?

A

*Hypochromic (Pale)
*Microcytic RBC (Small RBC)

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16
Q

What can being anaemic do to the body?

A

*Decreased immunity
*If severe - Heart failure

17
Q

What Vitamin affects the use and absorption of iron within the body?

A

Vitamin A

18
Q

What can giving an iron supplement do to someone who has normal stores of Iron already?

A

Can damage tissues

19
Q

What condition affects iron storage?

A

Haemochromatosis

20
Q

What genetic condition affects the globin chain synthesis, and often requires blood transfusions often?

A

Thalassaemia

21
Q

What treatment can be given to someone with Iron Overload?

A

*Iron chelators - Desferrioxamine
*Desferiprone and Desferisarox - but has more side effects

22
Q

A food or ingredient that provides medical or health benefits, including prevention and treatment of disease. This can include dietary supplements and functional foods. What is this describing?

A

Nutraceutical

23
Q

Something which maintains health and prevents deficiency is known as?

A

Dietary Supplement

24
Q

An ingredient that gives a health benefit beyond its usual nutritional value is known as?

A

Functional food

25
Q

Why would someone take nutraceuticals?

A

-Healthy lifestyle and increased awareness
-Prevent or decrease disease
-Media coverage
-Ageing population
-Increase in scientific evidence linking diet and health or disease prevention

26
Q

Vitamin A, C, E, Selenium, Zinc, Carotenoids and Flavonoids are examples of what?

A

Anti-oxidants

27
Q

I am mainly in fish oils, and can have an effect on skin, cholesterol levels and inflammatory mediators - health claim is to help the heart and inflammation. NICE don’t recommend me. What am I?

A

Omega-3

28
Q

What do Phytosterols do?

A

Plant stanols and sterols; lower the absorption of cholesterol by competing with cholesterol. Reduces LDL cholesterol.

29
Q

Probiotics, live non-pathogenic microorganisms when given in adequate amounts have a health benefit on the host, how do they get into the body?

A

They are resistant to acid digestion.

30
Q

What factors can influence the effect that micronutrients nutraceuticals have?

A

*Behaviour
*Genetic factors
*Adverse effects
*Nutrient interactions
*Bioavailability (heat can destroy)
*Active form (Processed etc..)
*Processing
*Drug interactions
*Physiological state

Exam 1 Year 3 (40 decks)

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