nutrition 151

Question 1

case study

Answer 1

single case

Question 2

epidemiological study

Answer 2

study of large populations

Question 3

clinical trial

Answer 3

human study of comparing variable to a placebo

Question 4

meta-analysis

Answer 4

review of many different research articles on a single topic

Question 5

lab study

Answer 5

animal study comparing variable to a placebo

Question 6

correlation.

Answer 6

when variables are associated but cannot be proven as one causing the other

Question 7

causation.

Answer 7

when one variable is proven to cause a result

Question 8

essential nutrients

Answer 8

provided thru diet, carbs, lipids, proteins

Question 9

nonessential nutrients

Answer 9

not provided they diet, not essential till crisis

Question 10

function of carbs

Answer 10

immediate and stored energy

Question 11

chemical composition of carbs

Answer 11

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Question 12

single (monosaccharides)

Answer 12

• absorbable form
  glucose - used by all cells for energy
  fructose - only absorbed by liver
  galactose - only absorbed by liver

Question 13

single ( disaccharide)

Answer 13

• must be digested to absorb
  sucrose - table sugar
  lactose - milk sugar

Question 14

complex carbs

Answer 14

• polysaccharides
  must be digested to absorb

Question 15

starch

Answer 15

plant form and digestible

Question 16

resistant starch

Answer 16

plant form, digestible when heated

Question 17

glycogen

Answer 17

animal source, digestible

Question 18

fibers

Answer 18

plant, non digestible
soluble - lowers cholesterol and feeds good bacteria
insoluble - adds bulk to stool
absorption of carbs = minutes to 8 hrs

Question 19

function of lipids

Answer 19

energy, hormones, cell membrane

Question 20

triglycerides

Answer 20

dietary fat
energy storage
three fatty acids to glycerol backbone

Question 21

phospholipids

Answer 21

cell membrane
glycerol + 2 fatty acids + phosphorus group

Question 22

sterols

Answer 22

hormone production
cell membrane strength
common form is cholesterol

Question 23

saturated fats

Answer 23

solid
prevalent in animal origin foods

Question 24

monounsaturated

Answer 24

fatty acid with only one double bond

Question 25

polyunsaturated

Answer 25

liquid essential fatty acids

Question 26

omega 3

Answer 26

alpha linoleum acid that opposes inflammation

Question 27

omega 6

Answer 27

linoleum acid that is needed for body to produce inflammation

Question 28

Good ratio of essential fatty acids

Answer 28

good ratio 1:4, typical ratio 1:17

Question 29

SCFA (short chained fatty acid)

Answer 29

no bile needed messengers

Question 30

MCFA

Answer 30

No bile needed immediate energy

Question 31

LCFA & VLCFA

Answer 31

bile needed to be absorbed energy storage

Question 32

HDL

Answer 32

transport lipids from tissue to liver

Question 33

LDL

Answer 33

transport cholesterol from liver to tissue

Question 34

VLDL

Answer 34

transport triglycerides from liver to adipose

Question 35

absorption of lipids?

Answer 35

small intestine 48-72 hours

Question 36

function of proteins?

Answer 36

structural support, transportation, immunity, and chemical reaction regulation. cell signaling

Question 37

composition of proteins?

Answer 37

20 amino acids, 9 are essential

Question 38

complete proteins?

Answer 38

contain all 9 essential AA’s animal meats and few plant sources

Question 39

incomplete proteins

Answer 39

do not contain all 9 essential AA’s most non meat sources

Question 40

complementary proteins

Answer 40

2 or more incomplete proteins when consumed together contain all 9 essential AA’s

Question 41

absorption of proteins?

Answer 41

small intestine and absorbed into individual amino acids, into dipeptides and tripeptides.

Question 42

What’s absorbable in proteins?

Answer 42

to absorbing proteins, they must be in single amino acid form 1AA = peptide 2AA = dipeptide 3AA= tripeptide. you need 3 carbs for each amino acid