Nutrition

Question 1

Main functions of protein:

Answer 1

Growth and development

Building and repair of body tissues (e.g. muscles, bones, skin)

Form chemical substances in the body (e.g. Antibodies, Enzymes, Hormones, Haemoglobin)

Question 2

Sources of protein:

Answer 2

Meat, eggs, cheese and fish

Question 3

Main functions of carbohydrates:

Answer 3

Main source of energy

replenishes and maintains muscles

optimise brain function

provide structure for cells

Question 4

Sources of carbohydrates:

Answer 4

Bread, rice, pasta, vegetables, fruit.

Question 5

Main function of fats:

Answer 5

Most concentrated source of energy

Insulation and protection of organs

Cell membrane health

Question 6

Sources of fat:

Answer 6

Avocado, nuts, oily fish (tuna and salmon), fried foods.

Question 7

Functions of vitamin A:

Answer 7

Needed to maintain healthy skin, vision and mucous membranes.

Growth of teeth and bones

Helps maintain the immune system

Question 8

Sources of Vitamin A:

Answer 8

Carrot, Tomato, Milk, Egg and Liver

Question 9

Function of vitamin K:

Answer 9

Needed for blood clotting

Question 10

Sources of vitamin K:

Answer 10

Cereals, grains, seeds, leafy green vegetables and fruit.

Question 11

Function of vitamin D

Answer 11

Absorption of calcium for strong bones and teeth

Question 12

Sources of vitamin D

Answer 12

When exposed to sunlight, liver and oily fish

Question 13

Function of vitamin E

Answer 13

Acts an antioxidant

Protects cells, and other nutrients, from oxidative damage

Reduces the effects of free radicals

Question 14

Sources of vitamin E

Answer 14

vegetable oils

Found in small quantities in many plants e.g. lettuce, peanuts, seeds

Question 15

Function of vitamin C

Answer 15

Involved in formation of collagen to strengthen cell walls and body tissues

Boosts the immune system

Aid in the absorption of iron.

Question 16

Source of vitamin C

Answer 16

Citrus fruits and green leafy vegetables

Question 17

Function of vitamin B1

Answer 17

Needed for energy metabolism

function and maintenance of nerves

Question 18

Sources of vitamins B1

Answer 18

Pork, legumes, wholemeal and enriched breads and cereals

Question 19

Function of vitamin B2

Answer 19

Needed for energy metabolism

Vision and skin health

Question 20

Sources of vitamin B2

Answer 20

wholemeal and enriched breads and cereals, and dairy products

Question 21

Function of vitamin B3

Answer 21

Needed for energy metabolism

important for nervous system, digestive system, and skin health

Question 22

Source of vitamin B3

Answer 22

Meat, poultry, fish, whole-grain or enriched breads and cereals

Question 23

Function of vitamin B6

Answer 23

Needed for protein metabolism

Helps make red blood cells hormones,antibodies and enzymes

Question 24

Source of vitamin B6

Answer 24

Meat, eggs, fish and poultry

Question 25

Function of vitamin B12

Answer 25

Needed for making new cells (including red blood cells) Important to nerve function

Question 26

Source of vitamin B12

Answer 26

Meat, poultry, fish, seafood, eggs, milk and milk products (Not found in plant foods)

Question 27

Function of iron

Answer 27

Forms part of oxygen carrying proteins in red blood cells Helps with the formation of collagen Needed for energy metabolism

Question 28

Source of iron

Answer 28

Red meat, organ meat, fish egg yolks, legumes nuts and seeds.

Question 29

Function of calcium

Answer 29

Maintains healthy bones and teeth Involved in muscle and nerve functioning, blood clotting, blood pressure regulation and immunity,

Question 30

Source of calcium

Answer 30

Dairy foods, canned salmon and sardines and tofu.

Question 31

Function of phosphorus

Answer 31

Maintains healthy bones and teeth Involved in the body’s energy production

Question 32

Source of phosphorus

Answer 32

meat, poultry, fish, eggs, dairy foods, legumes, nuts and seeds

Question 33

Function of iodine

Answer 33

Helps regulate growth, development and metabolism.

Question 34

Source of iodine

Answer 34

Seafood and seaweed, iodised salt, bread and dairy products.

Question 35

Function of Zinc

Answer 35

Needed for the production of protein and genetic material Immunity wound healing Production of sperm

Question 36

Source of zinc

Answer 36

meat, fish and seafood, nuts and cheese.

Question 37

Function of sodium

Answer 37

Fluid balance Nerve and muscle function

Question 38

Source of sodium

Answer 38

Table salt, soy sauce and processed meat.

Question 39

Function of water

Answer 39

Prevent dehydration Helps control body temperature lubricant for joints

Question 40

Water rich food sources

Answer 40

Fruits (e.g. watermelon and oranges), vegetables (e.g. cucumber and celery)

Question 41

Protein deficiency

Answer 41

Anemia Weakness and fatigue Loss of muscle mass

Question 42

Carbohydrate deficiency

Answer 42

Type 2 diabetes Weakness and fatigue

Question 43

Fat deficiency

Answer 43

Dermatitis Heart diseases Colon cancer

Question 44

Vitamin A deficiency

Answer 44

Night blindness and dry skin

Question 45

Vitamin B1 deficiency

Answer 45

Beri beri (weak muscle, fatigue, loss of appetite)

Question 46

Vitamin B2 deficiency

Answer 46

dermatitis Fatigue

Question 47

Vitamin B3 deficiency

Answer 47

dermatitis dementia diarrhea

Question 48

Vitamin B6 deficiency

Answer 48

Dermatitis and anemia

Question 49

Vitamin B12 deficiency

Answer 49

anemia

Question 50

Calcium deficiency

Answer 50

Rickets osteoporosis and osteomalacia

Question 51

Iron deficiency

Answer 51

anemia Fatigue

Question 52

Vitamin E deficiency

Answer 52

neuropathy breakdown of red blood cells and

Question 53

Vitamin K deficiency

Answer 53

Haemorrhage (escape of blood from a ruptured blood vessels)

Question 54

Vitamin C deficiency

Answer 54

Scurvy anemia

Question 55

Vitamin B1 deficiency

Answer 55

Beriberi (weak muscle, fatigue, loss of appetite)

Question 56

Vitamin B2 deficiency

Answer 56

dermatitis

Question 57

Iodine deficiency

Answer 57

goiter fatigue constipation

Question 58

Zinc deficiency

Answer 58

Poor wound healing poor immune system function diarrhea

Question 59

sodium deficiency

Answer 59

nausea headaches, fatigue muscle cramps

Question 60

Phosphorus deficiency

Answer 60

muscle weakness respiratory or heart failure seizures

Question 61

water deficiency

Answer 61

dehydration nausea dizziness

Question 62

Interrelationship between Iron and Vitamin C

Answer 62

Vitamin C can increase the amount of iron your body absorbs.

Question 63

Interrelationship between Iron and fibre

Answer 63

Fibre can decrease the amount of iron absorbed into the blood.

Question 64

Interrelationship between Calcium and vitamin D

Answer 64

Vitamin D promotes the absorption of calcium.

Question 65

Interrelationship between Sodium and potassium

Answer 65

They work together for water balance and muscle and nerve activity.

Question 66

Interrelationship between calcium and fibre

Answer 66

Calcium cannot be digested when it is part of insoluble fibre foods.

Question 67

What's metabolism?

Answer 67

Chemical processes that breakdown and use nutrients to build and repair the body.

Question 68

What are complete proteins?

Answer 68

Foods that contain all the essential amino acids required by the human body.

Question 69

What is Syneresis?

Answer 69

The over coagulation of protein resulting in the tightening of the structure and the weeping of liquid.