Nutrition

Question 1

greatest risk of undernutrition occurs in

Answer 1

first 1000 days of life

Question 2

measure of linear growth

Answer 2

height-for-age

Question 3

other term for low weight-for-height and what does it indicate

Answer 3

wasting, acute malnutrition

Question 4

most commonly used index of nutritional status

Answer 4

weight-for-age

Question 5

leading cause of preventable blindness in children

Answer 5

Vitamin A deficiency

Question 6

main cause of preventable intellectual impairment

Answer 6

Iodine deficiency

Question 7

most profound consequence of undernutrition

Answer 7

premature death

Question 8

stunting reflects?

Answer 8

chronic malnutrition

Question 9

what are the components of F75

Answer 9

Low lactose 75 kcal
0.9 g protein per 100 mL
with added K, Mg, and micronutrients

Question 10

steps done in stabilization phase of SAM treatment

Answer 10

Prevent/treat hypoglycemia, hypothermia, dehydration, correction of electrolyte imbalance, treat infection, start cautious feeding and provide loving care and play

Question 11

recommended antibiotics for malnourished children

Answer 11

If no complications: Amoxicillin for 5 days
If with complications: Gentamicin x 7 days + Ampicillin x 2 days + Amoxicillin x 5 days

Question 12

severe wasting MUAC

Answer 12

<115 mm

Question 13

this occurs in malnourished individuals as a result of untimely, overzealous oral, enteral or parenteral feeding

Answer 13

Refeeding syndrome

Question 14

electrolyte imbalances seen in refeeding syndrome

Answer 14

hypokalemia
hypomagnesemia
hypophosphatemia

Question 15

year of adiposity rebound (when body fat is lowest)

Answer 15

5.5 year

Question 16

this vitamin deficiency manifests as dry, scaly, hyperkeratotic patches typically on the arms, legs, shoulders, and buttocks

Answer 16

Vitamin A deficiency

Question 17

this vitamin deficiency causes beriberi

Answer 17

Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)

Question 18

triad of mental status changes, ocular signs and ataxia

Answer 18

Wernicke encephalopathy

Question 19

clinical features of this vitamin deficiency include cheilosis, glossitis, keratitis, conjunctivitis, photophobia, lacrimation, corneal vascularization and seborrheic dermatitis

Answer 19

Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)

Question 20

this vitamin deficiency occurs chiefly in populations where corn is the major foodstuff

Answer 20

Pellagra/Vitamin B3 deficiency (Niacin)

Question 21

classic triad of pellagra

Answer 21

Dermatitis
Diarrhea
Dementia

Question 22

this vitamin deficiency presents as scaly periorificial dermatitis, conjunctivitis, thinning of hair and alopecia

Answer 22

Vitamin B7/Biotin deficiency

Question 23

folic acid supplementation is effective and must be started at least ___ month before conception and continued through the first ___ months of pregnancy

Answer 23

1 month, 2-3 months

Question 24

this deficiency occurs primarily in persons consuming strict vegetarian or vegan diets

Answer 24

Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)

Question 25

this vitamin deficiency presents as hyperpigmentation of the knuckles and palms in children

Answer 25

Vitamin B12 (cobalamin)

Question 26

this vitamin deficiency cause scurvy

Answer 26

vitamin C deficiency

Question 27

this vitamin deficiency causes rickets

Answer 27

Vitamin D deficiency

Question 28

this vitamin deficiency can present with widening of the costochondral junctions which results in a rachitic “rosary”

Answer 28

Vitamin D deficiency

Question 29

occurs when one leg is in extreme valgus and the other is in extreme varus

Answer 29

windswept deformity

Question 30

these medications can cause vitamin D deficiency

Answer 30

Anticonvulsants such as phenobarbital and phenytoin Anti TB medications such as isoniazid and rifampin

Question 31

Vitamin K is necessary for the synthesis of these clotting factors

Answer 31

IX, X, VII, II

Question 32

These medications cause the 3rd form of VKDB secondary to maternal intake that cross the placenta and interfere with vitamin K function

Answer 32

Phenobarbital Warfarin Phenytoin

Question 33

micronutrient deficiency that cause Menkes disease

Answer 33

Copper

Question 34

micronutrient deficiency that cause acrodermatitis enteropathica

Answer 34

Zinc

Question 35

components of Metabolic syndrome

Answer 35

Central obesity Hypertension Glucose intolerance Hyperlipidemia

Question 36

GI hormones that promote obesity

Answer 36

Ghrelin

Question 37

GI hormones/neuropeptide that promote satiety

Answer 37

Leptin Adiponectin — increased level during fasting Peptide YY (PYY)