Nutrition

Question 1

Define balanced diet

Answer 1

A diet that contains all the necessary biological molecules in the correct proportions

Question 2

What are the 5 food groups, as well as dietary fibre and water?

Answer 2

• protein
• lipids
• carbohydrates
• vitamins
• minerals

(water and dietary fibre must be included as well)

Question 3

What elements are carbohydrates made out of?

Answer 3

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Question 4

What is the function of carbohydrates?

Answer 4

Provides a source of energy

Question 5

What are the 2 carbohydrate groups?

Answer 5

Simple sugars and complex carbs (starches)

Question 6

Examples of simple sugars

Answer 6

Glucose, fructose, sucrose

Question 7

Examples of complex carbohydrates

Answer 7

Starch, glycogen, cellulose

Question 8

What are carbohydrates broken down by?

Answer 8

Carbohydrases such as amylase

Question 9

What are carbohydrates broken down into?

Answer 9

Simple sugars

Question 10

What are some sources of simple sugars?

Answer 10

White bread, dairy products and refined sugars such as candy

Question 11

Sources of complex carbohydrates

Answer 11

Pasta, potatoes, rice, brown bread

Question 12

what elements are proteins made out of?

Answer 12

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and sometimes small amounts of sulfur

Question 13

Function of protein

Answer 13

Required for the growth and repair of body tissues

Question 14

What enzyme are proteins broken down by?

Answer 14

Protease

Question 15

What do proteins break down into?

Answer 15

Amino acids

Question 16

What are some sources of protein?

Answer 16

Meat, fish, eggs, spinach, beans, nuts

Question 17

what elements are lipids made out of?

Answer 17

carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Question 18

Function of lipids

Answer 18

Required for insulation and as a long term source of energy as well as being used in cell membrane

Question 19

What enzyme breaks down lipids?

Answer 19

Lipase

Question 20

What do lipids break down into?

Answer 20

Glycerol and 3 fatty acids

Question 21

What are some sources of lipids?

Answer 21

Butters, oils, dairy products, eggs, fish

Question 22

What is the function of dietary fibre?

Answer 22

Indigestible plant matter that provides roughage for the digestive tract to push against during peristalsis

Question 23

What are some sources of fibre?

Answer 23

Fresh fruits, raw vegetables, whole grains

Question 24

What is the function of vitamin A in the body?

Answer 24

Required to produce a light-sensitive chemical in the retina and protect the surface of the eye

Question 25

What is the effect of vitamin A deficiency?

Answer 25

Night-blindness, damaged cornea of the eye

Question 26

Vitamin A sources

Answer 26

Fish liver oils, margarine, butter and carrots

Question 27

Vitamin C function

Answer 27

Required to make fibres of the body called connecting tissues that create lining tissues such as gums

Question 28

Vitamin C sources

Answer 28

Fresh fruit and veg, citrus

Question 29

What is the effect of vitamin C deficiency?

Answer 29

Scurvy

Question 30

What is the function of vitamin D?

Answer 30

Helps absorb calcium and phosphate to promote the growth of bones

Question 31

What are some sources of vitamin D?

Answer 31

Fish liver oils, sunlight

Question 32

What is the effect of vitamin D deficiency?

Answer 32

Rickets, poor teeth and bone health

Question 33

What is the function of calcium?

Answer 33

Used to make teeth and bones

Question 34

Effect of calcium deficiency

Answer 34

Rickets, poor bone and teeth development

Question 35

Calcium sources

Answer 35

Dairy products, fish and fresh vegetables

Question 36

What is the function of iron?

Answer 36

Needed for haemoglobin in red blood cells and plays a vital role in the blood’s ability to transport and absorb oxygen in the body

Question 37

Sources of iron

Answer 37

Red meat, liver, eggs

Question 38

What is the function of water in the body?

Answer 38

Necessary for blood plasma, lubrication of joints, maintaining normal body temperature and transporting excretion