nutrition Flashcards
(42 cards)
What factors increase BMR?
Lean body mass, male sex, pregnancy, children, smoking, stress, extreme temperature.
How is energy intake typically measured?
Through 24-hour dietary recalls or food diaries.
Which nutrients have the highest energy density?
Lipids and alcohol (~2x that of carbs/proteins).
What is the absorption site for iron, folate, and B12?
Duodenum (iron), jejunum (folate), ileum (B12) — “I Feel Bad”
What is required for B12 absorption?
Intrinsic factor from gastric parietal cells.
What can happen if you give folate without checking B12?
You can mask B12 deficiency and risk irreversible neurological damage.
What are the fat-soluble vitamins?
Vitamins A, D, E, and K.
What are essential fatty acids?.
Omega-3 (alpha-linolenic) and Omega-6 (alpha-linoleic)
What is the significance of the glycemic index?
It measures glucose absorption rate — low GI is better for CVD, T2DM, and weight control.
How does marasmus differ from kwashiorkor?
Marasmus is long-term, calorie deficiency (wasting); kwashiorkor is short-term protein deficiency (edema, reversible).
What is refeeding syndrome?
Severe electrolyte and fluid shift upon feeding after prolonged starvation, especially dangerous in underweight patients.
what is marasmus
Long-term, calorie deprivation (wasting, irreversible)
how is expenditure measured
calorimetry
water soluble vitamins
B(1-12) and C
why are B vitamins important
coenzymes in energy metabolism
B1(thiamine) deficiency
beriberi
B3(niacin) deficiency
pellagra
B12 and folate deficiency
pernicious anaemia
iron deficiency
iron deficiency anaemia
Vitamin A deficiency
xeropthalmia and night vision blindness
vit C deficiency
scurvy
vit D deficiency
rickets
iodine deficiency
goitre
Estimated Average Requirement
Meets the requirements of half the healthy people of a given age and gender group
