Nutrition Flashcards
(84 cards)
1
Q
Fat Soluble Vitamins
A
A, D, E, K
2
Q
Water Soluble Vitamins
A
B1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 12, ascorbic acid
3
Q
Thiamine
A
B1 - TPP
4
Q
Riboflavin
A
B2 - FAD, FMN, redox reactions
5
Q
Niacin
A
B3 - NAD, redox rxns
6
Q
Pantothenic acid
A
B5 - CoA
7
Q
Pyridoxin
A
B6 - PLP
8
Q
Biotin
A
B7
9
Q
Folate
A
B9
10
Q
Cobalamin
A
B12 - stored in liver
11
Q
Vitamin used to measles amd AML subtype M3
A
Vit A
12
Q
Liver and Leafy Greens
A
Vit A
13
Q
Deficiency of Vit A
A
nyctalopia (night blindness), xerosis cutis (dry scaly skin), alopecia, keratomalacia (corneal degen), immune suppression
14
Q
Vit A during pregnancy
A
cleft palate, cardiac abnormalities
15
Q
Excess Vit A
A
arthralgia, scaly skin, alopecia, cerebral edema, pseudotumor cerebri, osteoporosis, liver :(
16
Q
Isotertinoin
A
prescribed for severe acne
17
Q
Cofactor for Pyruvate dehydrogenase
A
Vit B1 - thiamin, TPP
links glycolysis to TCA cycle
18
Q
Cofactor for alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
A
Vit B1 - thiamin, TPP
in TCA cycle
19
Q
Cofactor for Transketolase
A
Vit B1 - thiamin, TPP
in HMP shunt
20
Q
Cofactor for Branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase
A
Vit B1 - thiamin, TPP
21
Q
Confusion, ophthalmoplegia, ataxia + confabulation, personality change, permanent memory loss
A
Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
deficient in Thiamine (VitB1)
22
Q
Dry Beriberi
A
polyneuritis, symmetrical muscle wasting
vit B1 deficiency
23
Q
Wet Beriberi
A
high-output cardiac failure, dilated cardiomyopathy, edema
vitB1 deficiency
24
Q
Area of Brain damaged in Wernicke-Korsakoff
A
medial dorsal nucleus of thalamus and mammillary bodies
25
Diagnosis of VitB1 deficiency
incease in RBC transketolase activity following vitB1 adminitration
26
Cheilosis
Inflammation of lips, scaling and fissures at corners of mouth. Vit B2 deficiency
27
Corneal Vascularization (what vit?)
deficiency of Vit B2
28
Vitamine derived from Tryptophan
Niacin, synthesis requires B2 and B6
29
Lowers VLDL and raises HDL
Niacin
30
Pellegra
Niacin Deficiency
| Diarrhea, Dementia, Dermatitis
31
Hartnup disease
decreased tryptophan absorption which can cause niacin deficiency
32
Isoniazid
can cause decrease in niacin and Vit B6
| S/E - SLE, peripheral hepatitis
33
Excess Niacin
Facial Flushing induced by prostaglandin
| hyperglycemia, and hyperuricemia
34
Essential part of FA synthase
Pantothenate (vit B5)
| also essential for CoA for acyl transfers
35
Dermatitis, enteritis, alopecia, adrenal insufficiency
Vit B5 deficiency
36
Vitamin necessary to synthesis of 5HT, Epi, NE, DA and GABA
Vitamin B6, pyridoxine
37
cofactor used in transamination
Vitamin B6, pyridoxine
38
Cofactor used in decarboxylation reaction
Vitamin B6, pyridoxine
39
Deficiency inducible by isoniazid and oral contraceptives
Vitamin B6, pyridoxine
40
Sideroblastic anemia with this vitamin
Vitamin B6, pyridoxine deficiency
| due to impaired Hb and iron excess
41
Vitamin B6 deficiency
Convulsions, hyperirritability, peripheral neuropathy
42
Cofactor for carboxylation enzymes (adds 1 carbon group)
Vitamin B7, biotin
43
Excessive ingestion of raw egg whites
Avidin in egg white bind biotin
| causes dermatitis, alopecia, and enteritis
44
Converted to THF, a coenzyme for 1-cabon transfer.methylation reactions
Vitamin B9 (folic acid)
45
Important for synthesis of nitrogenous bases
Vitamin B9 (folic acid)
46
Where Vitamin B9 (folic acid) absorbed
Jejunum
47
Deficiency of Vitamin B9 (folic acid)
Macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia
| hypersegmented PMNs, glossitis
48
Most common vitamin deficiency in US
Vitamin B9 (folic acid), seen in alcoholism and pregnancy
49
Labs for Vitamin B9 (folic acid)
increased homocysteine, normal methylmalonic acid
50
Drugs that cause Vitamin B9 (folic acid) deficiency
Phenytoin, Sulfonamides, Methotrexate
51
Where Vitamin B12 is absorbed
Terminal Ileum, same area affected by Crohn's
52
Cofactor for homocysteine methyltransferase and methylmalonyl-CoA mutase
```
Vitamin B12 (cobalamin)
transfers CH3 groups as methylcobalamin
```
53
Neurological structure affected by Vit B12 deficiency
Dorsal Columns, Lateral Corticospinal Tracts and spinocerebellar tracts
54
Labs for Vit B12 deficiency
increased serum homocysteine nad methylmalonic acis
55
Diphyllobothrium latum
Vit B12 deficiency
56
Lack of intrinsic factor (antibodies against is)
Pernicious anemia - Vit B12 deficiency
57
Reduces Iron to Fe 2+ state
Vitamin C
58
Necessary for dopamine beta-hydroxylase
Vitamin C
| that rxn converts DA to NE
59
Ancillary Tx for methemoglobinemia
Vitamin C to reduce Fe3+ to 2+
60
Necessary for hydroxylation of proline and lysine in collagen synthesis
Vitamin C
61
S&S of Scurvy
Vitamin C deficiency
swollen gums, bruising, hemarthosis, anemia, poor wound healing, perifollicular and subperiosteal hemorrhages, "corkscrew hair"
62
Calcium Oxalate Nephrolithiasis
Exces Vitamin C
63
Ergocalciferol
Vitamin D2, ingested from plants
64
Cholecalciferol
consumed in milk, formed in stratum basale of sunexposed skin, Vitamine D3
65
Active form of Vit D
1,25-(OH)2
| Calcitriol
66
Vitamin supplemented in breastfed infants
Vitamin D
67
Sarcoidosis
Excess Vit D due activation of epithelioid macrophages
68
Tocopherol/Tocotrienol
Vitamin E
69
Function of Vitamin E
antioxidant that protects erythrocytes and membranes from free radical damage
70
Vitamin that ENHANCES anticoagulant effect of Warfarin
Vitamin E
71
Deficiency of this vitamin looks like Deficiency of Vitamin B12 without megaloblastic anemia, hypersegmented PMNs or increased serum methylmalonic acid
Vitamin E
| also cause hemolytic anemia, acanthocytosis, muscle weakness, post column and spinocerebellar tract demyelination
72
Blood Clotting
Vitamin K
73
Factors associated with Vitamin K
II, VII, IX, X
| proteins C and S
74
PT, aPTT and bleeding time for vit K deficiency
increase in both PT and aPTT
| normal bleeding time
75
Acrodermatitis enteropathica
Zinc deficiency
| periorifacial and acral dermatitis, alopecia and diarrhe
76
Dysgeusia, Anosmia
Zinc deficiency
dysgeusia means can't taste
anosmia means can't smell
77
May predispose to alcoholic cirrhosis
Zinc deficiency
78
Limiting reagent in Ethanol Metabolism
NAD+ (niacin)
79
NADH/NAD ratio in ethanol metabolism
increases causing pyruvate to lactate (lactic acidosis)
oxaloacetate to malate (prevents gluconeogenesis)
glyceraldehyde-3-Phos to glycerol-3-Phos which combine with fatty acids to make TGs (hepatosteatosis)
80
Fomepizole
Inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase and is an antidote for methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning
81
Disulfram
Antabuse
inhibits acetaldehyde dehydrogenase so acetaldehyde accumulates increasing hangover symptoms
decreases desire to drink
82
Small child, Swollen belly
Kwashiorikor
| Protein Malnutrition, edema, liver malfunction, fatty liver from decrease apolipoprotein synthesis
83
Emaciated
Marasmus
| total calorie malnutrition resulting in tissue and muscle wasting, loss of subQ fat and variable edema
84
Future Career if Doctoring Doesn't Work out
Hobo or possible trophy wife
