What are the factors that affect food choice?
Cost Availability Nutritive value Senses Advertising Marketing Culture Health status
What is a nutrient and what are the 6 nutrients?
A nutrient is a chemical found in food. They are: Protein Fat Carbohydrate Mineral Vitamins Water
What is a macro nutrient?
A macronutrient is a nutrient that is needed by the body in large amounts. They are protein, fat and carbohydrates
What is a micro nutrient?
A micronutrient is a nutrient needed by the body in small amounts. They are vitamins and minerals
What is a balanced diet?
A balanced diet is all the nutrients in the correct amounts for the needs of the body
What is malnutrition?
It is caused when a person does not get enough of food, too much of all food, or missing one particular nutrient.
What are the fat soluble vitamins?
A
D
E
K
What are the water soluble vitamins?
B
C
Composition of protein?
Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Amino acids
Classification of protein?
High biological value- meat fish eggs cheese milk soya products
Low biological value- cereals pulse veg nuts seeds
Functions of protein?
Growth
Repair
Heat energy
To make hormones, enzymes, anti bodies
Rda of protein?
I gram of protein per I kilogram of body weight
Energy value of protein ?
1g releases 4 kilocalories or 17 kilo joules
Composition of lipids?
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Glycerol and fatty acids
Classification of lipids?
Saturated- animal fats, solid at room temperature
Unsaturated- plant and fish oils; liquid at room temperature
Functions of lipids
Heat
Energy
Protection
Insulation
Energy value of lipids?
I gram releases 9 kilocalories or 37 kilo joules
How to reduce fat in the diet?
Buy lean meat Spread butter thinly Buy low fat products Boil bake or steam instead of frying or roasting Measure oil if frying Use low fat salad dressing
What is obesity?
When a person is 20% over their recommended weight for height
What is coronary heart disease?
It is when the arteries of the heart is blocked by a substance called cholestrol.
What is cholestrol?
It is a fatty substance that clings to the walls of the arteries
What is a functional food?
It has an extra ingredient added to give it extra health benefits
The composition of carbohydrates?
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Glucose
The classification of carbohydrates?
Sugar
Starch
Fibre
Function of carbohydrates?
Heat
Energy
Fibre prevents constipation
Energy value of carbohydrates?
1 gram releases 4 kcal or 17 kilo joule
How do you reduce sugar?
Drink water Use artificial sweeteners Don't add sugar to anything Buy tinned fruit in own juice Leave sugar out of dishes where possible
What is empty kilocalories?
These are foods with only one nutrient; sugar.
How to increase fibre?
Whole meal varieties
Whole meal cereals
Eat fruit and veg
Nuts and seeds in dishes where possible
What are the dietry goals?
Eat less sugar salt and saturated fat
Eat more fibre, fruit and veg, foods rich in calcium and iron
Drink more water and milk
Drink less fizzy drinks and alcohol
What is a staple food?
It is eaten by the majority of people in a country. This food is plentiful and cheap
Why do we need food
1) growth
2) repair
3) heat
4) energy
5) to prevent illness and disease