Nutrition

Question 1

Why does obese women increase risk for breast cancer?

Answer 1

Adipose tissue converts androstenedione to estrone

FA 590

Question 2

drug treatment for hypercalciuria

Answer 2

thiazide; decreases calcium excretion

FA 544, 554

Question 3

why do phenytoin and phenobarbital cause hypocalcemia?

Answer 3

induce cyt p450 system in liver; metabolize 25-hydroxyvitamin D
FA 496

Question 4

gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) elevation

Answer 4

alcoholics

FA 368

Question 5

mechanism of hypocalcemia in chronic renal disease

Answer 5

renal osteodystrophy
failure of vitamin D hydroxylation
FA 550

Question 6

koilonychia

Answer 6

spoon nails
iron deficiency anemia (hypochromic microcytic)
FA 390

Question 7

protein malnutrition

lab values

Answer 7

kwashiorkor; decreased albumin and apolipoprotein
fatty liver
FA 94

Question 8

muscle wasting in child

Answer 8

total calorie deficit
marasmus
FA 94

Question 9

Burton lines

Answer 9

on XR and gingivae; lead poisoning

FA 391

Question 10

lead poisoning mechanism

Answer 10

inhibits ferrochelatase and ALA dehyratase -> decreased heme synthesis
FA 391

Question 11

lead poisoning; type of anemia

Answer 11

microcytic, hypochromic with siderblasts in bone marrow

FA 391

Question 12

ATP7A gene defect

Answer 12

Menkes; Cu deficiency. FA 77

Question 13

BMI > 30 kg/m2

Answer 13

obesity

FA 613

Question 14

increased PCO2 during waking hours with obesity

Answer 14

obesity hypoventilation syndrome
decreased RR during sleep
FA 613

Question 15

pellagra

Answer 15

diarrhea, dementia, dermatitis.
Niacin (B3) deficiency
FA 90

Question 16

dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia

Answer 16

pellagra (niacin deficiency)

FA 90

Question 17

vitamin A excess, sundown eyes

Answer 17

pseudotumor cerebri (idiopathic intracranial hypertension)
abducens nerve palsy
FA 468, 485

Question 18

swollen gums, bruising, hemarthrosis, poor wound healing

Answer 18

Scurvy; vitamin C deficiency

FA 93

Question 19

Bitot spots on conjuctiva; keratomalacia

Answer 19

Vitamin A deficiency caused squamous metaplasia to occur.

FA 89

Question 20

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

Answer 20

B1 thiamine deficiency
confusion, opthalmoplegia, ataxia.
FA 89

Question 21

Wet beri-beri

Answer 21

B1 thiamine deficiency
dilated cardiomyopathy, edema
FA 89

Question 22

Carcinoid tumor leading to pellagra

Answer 22

serotonin-secreting tumor, using up tryptophan.
Tryptophan required for niacin synthesis.
FA 90, 336

Question 23

Hartnup disease - what vitamin deficiency

Answer 23

Niacin (B3); decreased tryptophan

FA 90

Question 24

component of coenzyme A, required for fatty acid synthase (breakdown)

Answer 24

Vitamin B5 (panthothenic acid) 
FA 90

Question 25

folate deficiency; type of anemia

Answer 25

Megaloblastic anemia. High homocysteine, NL methylmalonic acid. FA 392, 91 (B9, folate)

Question 26

isoniazid induces what vitamin deficiency

Answer 26

B6, pyridoxine. | FA 90

Question 27

Zinc deficiency

Answer 27

delayed wound healing; acrodermatitis enteropathica

Question 28

Subacute combined degeneration

Answer 28

vitamin B12 deficiency; demyelination of dorsal columns, lateral corticospinal tracts, spinocerebellar tracts. FA 471, 92

Question 29

Isoniazid tx leading to type of anemia. What vit deficiency

Answer 29

B6; sideroblastic anemia | FA 90, 391

Question 30

cheilosis, corneal vascularization

Answer 30

B2 Riboflavin FA 89

Question 31

acrodermatitis enteropathica

Answer 31

Zn def | FA 94