Nutrition

Question 1

What are the 6 nutrients?

Answer 1

Fats, minerals, vitamins, proteins, carbohydrates and water

Question 2

Where do fats come from?

Answer 2

Plant and animal sources

Question 3

What are the 3 type of fatty acids? What do they do and what food causes it?

Answer 3

~Saturated - increase your cholesterol e.g. Red meat
~Mono-saturated - lowers your cholesterol e.g. Fish, nuts, vegetable oils
~Poly-unsaturated - lowers cholesterol e.g. Margarine, legumes, Brazil nuts, peanuts, walnuts

Question 4

What are fatty acids made of?

Answer 4

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Question 5

What are trans fats?

Answer 5

Hydrogenated vegetable oil

Question 6

What is adipose tissue and what does it do?

Answer 6

Fat

It retains body heat, protects your organs, carries vitamin A,D,E,K, acts as part of the body’s messenger system

Question 7

What is protein?

Answer 7

Amino acids, formed through; carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, sulphur

Question 8

What 2 structures does protein form?

Answer 8

Globular proteins (round in shape) e.g. Eggs
Fibrous proteins (not round) e.g. Steak

Question 9

What are complete proteins?

Answer 9

Foods that provide all essential amino acids e.g. Meat, eggs

Question 10

What are incomplete proteins?

Answer 10

Foods that provide some essential amino acids for health e.g. Tofu, legumes, nuts

Question 11

What do proteins do?

Answer 11

~Repair and maintain cells
~Regulate body temperature
~Maintain a healthy body

Question 12

Do you receive energy from protein?

Answer 12

Yes

Question 13

What are the macro-nutrients and what do they do?

Answer 13

Protein
Carbohydrates
Fats
They yield energy and calories

Question 14

What are micro-nutrients and what do they do?

Answer 14

Water
Vitamins
Minerals
Yield no calories

Question 15

What are carbohydrates?

Answer 15

The energy source of our daily diets. Include plant nutrients which are produced by photosynthesis

Question 16

What are the 3 subgroups for carbohydrates?

Answer 16

Polysaccharides
Disaccharides
Monosaccharides

Question 17

What are monosaccharides?

Answer 17

Simple sugars and the building blocks of all carbohydrates

Question 18

What are the main sugars in monosaccharides and what do they do?

Answer 18

Glucose - most common form of energy
Fructose
Galactose
Make up all other carbohydrates in our food

Question 19

What are disaccharides and what do they do?

Answer 19

2 monosaccharides joined together
Add sweetness to the diet and found naturally in some foods e.g fruit
It can also be from excess energy which can then be converted to fat by the body

Question 20

What are the main sugars in disaccharides?

Answer 20

Sucrose - table sugar
Lactose - milk
Maltose - beer

Question 21

What are polysaccharides?

Answer 21

Many monosaccharides bound together by peptide bonds

Question 22

4 key polysaccharides and give examples:

Answer 22

Starch (wheat, corn, rice and potatoes)
Glycogen (used by the body to produce glucose)
Pectin (fruits and root vegetables)
Cellulose (dietary fibre)

Question 23

What are starches and how are they consumed?

Answer 23

Polysaccharides of glucose which is found in plants

They are broken down by glycogen which is found in the liver and muscles to form glucose for energy

Question 24

What are pectins and what do they do?

Answer 24

Sourced in fruit and vegetables

Function is largely in the sweetening of other foods e.g. Desserts

Question 25

What does cellulose do?

Answer 25

Enable digestion via mastication | Be passed through the body and be excreted by the digestive system

Question 26

What does GI index stand for?

Answer 26

Glycaemic index

Question 27

What is the Glycaemic index?

Answer 27

Foods rated to their glucose responses to post meal

Question 28

Low GI foods:

Answer 28

``` Nuts Bread Rice Oats Pasta ```

Question 29

High GI foods:

Answer 29

Cake Chocolate Energy drinks Lollies

Question 30

What are waters functions?

Answer 30

Helps to balance potassium and sodium levels Transportation of nutrients Regulation of temperature Forms part of a cells structure

Question 31

What nutrients do pregnant women need and why?

Answer 31

Protein - to make the foetus and placenta grow, also because of their increase in breasts, uterus and blood supply Vitamins - Large amounts of B-group vitamins because their body is releasing energy from carbs, proteins and lipids - vitamin C for developing strong, healthy tissue and iron absorption in the foetus - Folate and B12 in charge of developing normal blood cells Minerals - need double amount of iron to help develop new red blood cells. If not enough, may be diagnosed with "Anaemia" - Calcium to develop teeth and strong healthy bones in foetus

Question 32

What nutrients do Adolescence need and why?

Answer 32

Protein - for building body tissue B group vitamins - help release energy from carbohydrates, lipids and proteins Minerals - calcium and phosphorus and help the bones grow longer and thicker - iron to provide the increased blood volume and muscle mass

Question 33

What are the Fat-soluble vitamins?

Answer 33

A, D, E and K

Question 34

What are the water soluble vitamins?

Answer 34

B group, C