Nutrition

Question 1

food

Answer 1

A material which, after ingestion by an animal is capable of being digested, absorbed, and utilized

Question 2

nutrients

Answer 2

A component of a food that aids in the support of life
Nutrients are chemical elements or compounds
Essential nutrients must be provided in food

Question 3

essential nutrients

Answer 3

• Nutrients must be provided in food

- Body cannot synthesize

Question 4

Non-essential nutrients

Answer 4

• nutrients do not have to be provided

- Body can synthesize

Question 5

Carbohydrates

Answer 5

• Main storage of energy for plants

- Consist of: Sugars, Starch, Cellulose, Hemicellulose, Pectins

Question 6

Purpose of Carbohydrates

Answer 6

-Provide energy (calories)
~Low energy feeds-fibers (forages/roughages, Grasses, legumes, grain plants)
~High energy feeds-starches and sugars (Grains, Corn, sorghum, oats, wheat)

Question 7

Lipids (fats and oils)

Answer 7

Organic (plant and animals)
Insoluble in water, but soluble in organic solvents
Provide HIGH ENERGY (twice carbs)

Question 8

Two Categories of Carbohydrates

Answer 8

• Nitrogen free extract (Easily digested, Starches and sugars)
• Crude fiber (Not easily digested, Cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectins)

Question 9

Sources of lipids

Answer 9

Plants: Saturated and unsaturated fat
Animals: ALL saturated fat

Question 10

Structure of lipids

Answer 10

Fatty acid chains: Long chain of carbons with hydrogen
Saturated: All carbons each “saturated” by hydrogens
Unsaturated: More than one carbon-carbon bond bond is double

Question 11

Protein

Answer 11

Basic structure is multiple amino acids

20 amino acids are commonly found in proteins

Question 12

Sources of protein

Answer 12

Plants: Grains, Grain plants, Grasses, legumes
Animals: By-products (meat, bone, and blood meal), Milk
Non-protein nitrogen (protein formed in rumen): Urea, Manure

Question 13

Purpose of Protein

Answer 13

Protein also provides energy

Question 14

Vitamins

Answer 14

• Organic: Carbon based
• Present in small amounts
• Essential for metabolic activity: Growth, development, milk, reproduction
• Disease occurs when deficient
• Animals must be fed vitamins (animal and plant products) or vitamins must be formed by microbial synthesis
• Fat soluble vitamins
• Water soluble vitamins

Question 15

Fat soluble

Answer 15

• Vitamin A, D, E, K
• Regulates metabolism of structural units
• Dietary intake (animal and plant products)
• Synthetic products
• Excreted in feces
• Stored in body

Question 16

Water Soluble

Answer 16

• Vitamins B and C
• More involved in regulating transfer of energy
• Daily dietary intake (animal and plant products)
• Synthetic products
• Rumen and colon microbes synthesize
• Excreted in urine

Question 17

Minerals

Answer 17

• Essential for various life processes: Skeletal formation, Protein synthesis, Oxygen transport, Fluid balance and acid/base regulation, Enzyme systems)
• Macro-Minerals (Major Minerals)
• Micro-Minerals (Trace Minerals)

Question 18

Micro-Minerals (Trace Minerals)

Answer 18

-Needed in very small amounts (PPM): Fe, Cu, I, Co, Mb, F, Mn, Zn, Se

Question 19

Macro-Minerals (Major Minerals)

Answer 19

-Needed in larger amounts than other minerals: Ca, P, Na, Cl, K, Mg, S

Question 20

water

Answer 20

-Most overlooked nutrient

Question 21

water supports

Answer 21

• Body temperature

- Body metabolism

Question 22

Water sources

Answer 22

• Drinking water

- Feed

Question 23

Water requirements

Answer 23

• 1.5 quarts of water per pound of feed
• Amount of water required depends on: Environmental temperature, Need more in the extremes (heat and cold), Body temperature, Lactation, Salt content of feed, Quality of water)

Question 24

Water loss

Answer 24

Routes of water loss: Urine, Feces, Breathing, Sweat

Question 25

effect of sugars on dogs and cats

Answer 25

Sugars cause diarrhea in adult dogs and cats

Question 26

what acid is required in dogs

Answer 26

Linoleic fatty acid required in diet of dogs

Question 27

what two acids are required in cats

Answer 27

Linoleic and arachidonic fatty acids required in diets of cats

Question 28

minimum protein in dogs

Answer 28

Minimum 22% protein required in diet of adult dogs

Question 29

minimum protein in cats

Answer 29

Minimum 32% protein required in diet of adult cats

Question 30

what amino acid is required in a cats diet

Answer 30

Taurine amino acid required in diet of cats

Question 31

what vitamin was required in a cats diet

Answer 31

Vitamin A required in diet of cats

Question 32

difference between water soluble and non water soluble

Answer 32

water soluble vitamins travel faster through the body and are excreted through the urine making it harder to overdose with water soluble vitamins (but still possible)

Question 33

feeding guinea pigs

Answer 33

vitamin c is required