Nutrition

Question 1

What are the two types of vitamin?

Answer 1

Fat soluble

Water soluble

Question 2

Where are fat soluble vitamins stored?

Answer 2

in adipose tissue

Question 3

What is a benefit of fat soluble vitamins?

Answer 3

That it is hard to be deficient

Question 4

What is a danger of fat soluble vitamins?

Answer 4

There is increased toxicity risk

Question 5

What is deficiency and excess of Vitamin A (retinol)?

Answer 5

Deficiency: colour blindness
Excess: Exfoliation, hepatitis

Question 6

What is deficiency and excess of vitamin D

Answer 6

Deficiency: osteomalacia/rickets
Excess: hypercalcaemia

Question 7

What is deficiency and excess of Vitamin E

Answer 7

Deficiency: anaemia, neuropathy, IHD
Excess: N/A

Question 8

What is deficiency and excess of Vitamin K

Answer 8

Deficiency: defective clotting

Question 9

Is it more common to get a deficiency or excess of water soluble vitamins?

Answer 9

Deficiency is easier

because they can’t be stores in the body

Question 10

What is deficiency of Vitamin B1

Answer 10

Beri Beri

• Wet (CVD)
• Dry (neurological disease - wernicke’s)

Question 11

What is deficiency of B2

Answer 11

Glossitis

Question 12

What is deficiency of B6

Answer 12

Dermatitis

Anaemia

Question 13

What is deficiency of B12

Answer 13

Pernicious anaemia

Question 14

What is Pellagra characterised by?

Answer 14

3Ds

Diarrhoea
Dermatitis
Dementia

Question 15

What is deficiency of niacin?

Answer 15

Pellagra

Question 16

What is deficiency of Vitamin C?

Answer 16

scurvy

Question 17

What is excess of vitamin C?

Answer 17

Renal stones

Question 18

How does most of our energy expenditure occur?

Answer 18

It is RESTING energy expenditure

due to the basal metabolic rate

Question 19

What is the composition of an ideal dieT?

Answer 19

50% CARBOHYDRATES
33% fat
17% protein

Question 20

What is the problem with the composition of a western diet?

Answer 20

Increased fat, decreased carbohydrates

Question 21

What is the hunger hormone’

Answer 21

Ghrelin

Question 22

What is the satiety hormone

Answer 22

PYY

Question 23

What occurs after eating by the hypothalamus?

Answer 23

Hypothalamus causes insulin release.
Insulin causes:
- Increased energy expenditure
- Increased satiety

Question 24

What hormone does adipose tissue produce after eating’

Answer 24

Leptin

Question 25

What does leptin do?

Answer 25

Negative feedback to the hypothalamus, preventing further eating

Question 26

What is the best indicator of CVD=?

Answer 26

Weight circumference

Question 27

What are obesity associated comorbidites?

Answer 27

``` Psychological CVD Malignancy Diabetes Gynaecologic Rheum Pregnancy OSA ```

Question 28

What is normal protein intake for M/F

Answer 28

``` M= 84 F = 64g ```

Question 29

What are the three types of protein?

Answer 29

Indispensable Conditionally indispensable Dispensable (body can produce them)

Question 30

What does high saturated fatty acid intake do to LDL?

Answer 30

INCREASES LDL

Question 31

What does high polyunsaturated fatty acid intake do to HDL

Answer 31

Decrease LDL

Question 32

What is a trycliceride made up of?

Answer 32

Glycerol | 3 fatty acids

Question 33

What are the good and bad fatty acids:

Answer 33

Cis: good, hydrogen bonds on same plane Trans: bad, hydrogen bonds on different plane

Question 34

What are the types of fat you can have/eat?

Answer 34

Saturated - BAD Monosaturated Polysaturated - GOOD

Question 35

What should be the components of your carbohydrate intake?

Answer 35

20% simple carbohydrates | 80% complex carbohydrates e.g. bread

Question 36

What are the 5 defining features of metabolic syndrome?

Answer 36

``` Waist circumference Fasting glucose HDL HTN Microalbumin insulin resistance ```

Question 37

What are the 2 medical therapies licenced for obesity?

Answer 37

Orlistat | GLP1

Question 38

What are the 3 types of bariatric surgery

Answer 38

Adjustable band Gastric bypass Sleeve gastrectomy

Question 39

What is marasmus caused by?

Answer 39

By low dietary intake of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins

Question 40

What is Kwashniorkor caused by?

Answer 40

Protein deficiency