Nutrition and Metabolism

Question 1

what is nutrition

Answer 1

the sum of all the interactions between an organism and the food it consumes; nutrients include: water, carbohydrates, protein, fats, vitamins, and minerals

Question 2

what is metabolism

Answer 2

all biochemical and physiologic processes by which body grows and maintains itself; breaks down and reshapes tissue; produces heat

Question 3

Nursing assessment: nursing History

Answer 3

-eating habits and patterns
- food allergies/preferences/dislikes
- cultural implications
- difficulty eating/swallowing
- weight change in the last 2 weeks/3 months
- nutritional supplements
- medications taken/ alcohol a day
- having stove/ refrigerators/ ability to obtain food

Question 4

Nursing Assessment: Physical Assessment

Answer 4

inspect hair, skin, mucous membranes, muscle tone, reflexes, condition of mouth and teeth, height, and weight ( IBW, weight change like significant loss)

Question 5

Nursing Assessment: Diagnostics- height and weight: IBW

Answer 5

men: 106+6lb for every inch over 5’’
women: 100+5lb for every inch over 5’

Question 6

Nursing Assessment: Diagnostics- height and weight: weight change

Answer 6

amount of weight change x 100/ usual weight
significant loss 1-2% in a week, 5% in a month, 7.5% in 3 months, 10% in 6 months

Question 7

Nursing Assessment: Diagnostics- BMI

Answer 7

<18.5 Underweight
18.5-24.9 Normal
25-29.9 Overweight
>30 Obese

Question 8

Nursing Assessment: Diagnostics- Anthropometric measurementsa

Answer 8

systematic measuring size and makeup of the body; skin fold measurement indicates the amount of stored body fat

Question 9

Laboratory Data: Hemoglobin & hematocrit

Answer 9

low hgb = low iron this is more likely in those that mensurate
high hct = dehydration

Question 10

Laboratory Data: serum albumin

Answer 10

half-life of 20 days and indicates long-standing protein depletion which keeps water in the blood
Normal: 3.5-5.5 g/dl
severe depletion: <2.5 g/dl

Question 11

Laboratory Data: prealbumin

Answer 11

the half-life of two days
normal > 15 mg/dl

Question 12

Laboratory Data: Transferrin

Answer 12

blood protein; half-life 7-8 days
normal 200-400 mg/dl
low with protein depletion and high with iron deficiency anemia

Question 13

Laboratory Data: Total Lymphocyte count

Answer 13

low with protein depletion– should b 25-45%
Normal 2500
mild depletion <1500
moderate <1200
severe<800

Question 14

Cholesterol

Answer 14

infant 90-130mg/dl
child 130-170mg/dl
adult desirable < 200 mg/dl
HDL (good) >45 (male); >55 (female)
LDL (bad) <130

Question 15

Laboratory Data: triglycerides

Answer 15

infant 5-40mg/dl
child 10-135mg/dl
adult <190mg/dl

Question 16

Laboratory Data: Blood Glucose (FBS) 8 hour fating

Answer 16

Newborns 30-80 mg/dl
child 60-100mg/dl
Adult 70-110mg/dl
low blood sugar is a danger to the brain
takes about 2 hours to come down from high

Question 17

Nursing Diagnosis: Impaired Nutritional Intake

Answer 17

decrease in the amount of food and nutrients ingested

Question 18

Projected outcomes NOC: Nutritional status

Answer 18

food and fluid intake
body mass index
weight/biochemical measures

Question 19

Projected outcomes NOC: Weight control

Answer 19

demonstrates progress toward target weight
balances exercise with caloric intake
maintains recommended eating patterns

Question 20

Interventions

Answer 20

educate the family about a healthy diet with considerations of special diets
provide the client with an appropriate diet
target appetite
assist with eating
diet supplementation
provide appropriate activity
collaborate with others to promote nutrition
implementation