Nutrition and Metabolism

Question 1

Factors affecting or influencing a person’s nutritional intake and the body’s metabolism

Answer 1

o Physiologic/genetic
o Psychological
o Socio-cultural
o Socio-economic status
o Health-related

Question 2

Focus of nursing health history

Answer 2

Identify those with poor nutritional status using nutritional assessment or nutritional screening

Question 3

Sample diagnosis

Answer 3

• Imbalanced Nutrition: Less than body requirements
• Overweight
• Activity Intolerance
• Constipation
• Tissue Integrity

Question 4

Focus of planning

Answer 4

• Maintain or restore optimal nutritional status
• Regain or decrease specified weight
• Promote healthy nutritional practices
• Prevent complications associated with malnutrition or problems affecting the GI system and functions

Question 5

Sample interventions

Answer 5

• Nutrition Management
• Nutrition Support
• Nutrition Therapy

Question 6

Subjective cues

Answer 6

o Data from nursing health history
o Nutritional history: 24-hour food recall; diet history

Question 7

Objective cues

Answer 7

o Age; height and weight; BMI; skinfold measurements
o Physical examination
o Laboratory data

Question 8

Determines fat stores

Answer 8

skinfold measurement

Question 9

objective data for nutritional assessment

Answer 9

biochemical data

Question 10

biochemical data tests most commonly

Answer 10

serum proteins
urinary urea nitrogen and creatinine

Question 11

true or false: signs must be viewed as suggestive of malnutrition because the signs are nonspecific

Answer 11

true

Question 12

Apathetic, listless, looks tired, easily fatigued

Answer 12

general appearance

Question 13

Dry, flaky, or scaly; pale or pigmented; presence of petechiae or bruises; lack of subcutaneous fat; edema

Answer 13

skin

Question 14

Brittle, pale, ridged, or spoon shaped (iron)

Answer 14

nails

Question 15

Dry, dull, sparse, loss of color, brittle

Answer 15

hair

Question 16

Pale or red conjunctiva, dryness, soft cornea, dull cornea, night blindness (vitamin A deficiency)

Answer 16

eyes

Question 17

Swollen, red cracks at side of mouth, vertical fissures (B vitamins)

Answer 17

lips

Question 18

Swollen, beefy red or magenta colored (B vitamins); smooth appearance (B vitamins deficiency); decrease or increase in size

Answer 18

tongue

Question 19

Spongy, swollen, inflamed; bleed easily (vitamin C deficiency)

Answer 19

gums

Question 20

Underdeveloped, flaccid, wasted, soft

Answer 20

muscles

Question 21

Anorexia, indigestion, diarrhea, constipation, enlarged liver, protruding abdomen

Answer 21

GI system

Question 22

Decreased reflexes, sensory loss, burning and tingling of hands and feet (B vitamins), mental confusion or irritability

Answer 22

nervous system

Question 23

client’s usual eating patterns

Answer 23

dietary data

Question 24

Recall all of the food and beverages the client consumes during a typical 24-hour period when at home

Answer 24

24-hour food recall

Question 25

-An assessment performed to identify clients at risk for malnutrition or those who are malnourished. - For clients who are found to be at moderate or high risk for malnutrition

Answer 25

NUTRITIONAL SCREENING

Question 26

t/f : 5% or more in 1 month, 7.5% or more in 3 months, or 10% or more in 6 months receive a full nutritional assessment by a nurse.

Answer 26

true

Question 27

-method of classifying clients as either well nourished, moderately malnourished, or severely malnourished based on a dietary history and physical examination -It was established primarily for use with cancer clients, but has been widely tested and is appropriate for both inpatient and outpatient clients with various diagnoses

Answer 27

Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA)

Question 28

estimates that approximately half of hospitalized, nursing home, and home care older adults are malnourished.

Answer 28

Nutrition Screening Initiative (NSI)

Question 29

performed to determine fat stores

Answer 29

A skinfold measurement

Question 30

is a measure of fat, muscle, and skeleton.

Answer 30

mid-arm circumference (MAC)

Question 31

An estimate of lean body mass, or skeletal muscle reserves

Answer 31

Mid-arm muscle area (MAMA)

Question 32

the blood and urine, therefore, directly reflect the intake and breakdown of dietary protein, the rate of urea production in the liver, and the rate of urea removal by the kidneys

Answer 32

Urea concentration

Question 33

○ chief end product of amino acid metabolism ○ formed from ammonia detoxified by the liver, circulated in the blood, and transported to the kidneys for excretion in urine

Answer 33

Urea

Question 34

-reflects a person’s total muscle mass because creatinine is the chief end product of the creatine produced when energy is released during skeletal muscle metabolism -the rate of creatinine formation is directly proportional to the total muscle mass. -Creatinine is removed from the bloodstream by the kidneys and excreted in the urine at a rate that closely parallels its formation

Answer 34

Urinary creatinine

Question 35

T/F The total number of lymphocyte white blood cells decreases as protein depletion occurs.

Answer 35

true

Question 36

checklist that indicates how often general food groups or specific foods are eaten

Answer 36

○ Food Frequency Record