Nutrition and Vitamins

Question 1

What is the deficiency associated with Vitamin A (Retinol)?

Answer 1

Colour blindness (retinitis pigmentosa)
Night blindness

Conjunctival bitot’s spots

Question 3

What are the signs of Vitamin A excess?

Answer 3

Exfoliation, hepatitis

Question 4

How is Vitamin A deficiency or excess tested?

Answer 4

Serum levels

Question 5

What is the deficiency associated with Vitamin D (Cholecalciferol)?

Answer 5

Osteomalacia/Rickets

Question 6

What is the excess effect of Vitamin D?

Answer 6

Hypercalcaemia

Question 7

How is Vitamin D levels tested?

Answer 7

Serum levels

Question 8

What is the deficiency associated with Vitamin E (Tocopherol)?

Answer 8

Haemolytic Anaemia
neuropathy : ataxia / areflexia
ischaemic heart disease (IHD)

Question 9

How is Vitamin E deficiency tested?

Answer 9

Serum levels

Question 10

What is the deficiency associated with Vitamin K (Phytomenadione)?

Answer 10

Defective clotting

Question 11

How is Vitamin K deficiency tested?

Answer 11

Prothrombin time (PT)

Question 12

(3) What are the deficiency effects of Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)?

Answer 12

Beri-Beri: wet (cardiovascular), dry (neurological)
Neuropathy
Wernicke Syndrome

Question 13

How is Vitamin B1 deficiency tested?

Answer 13

RBC transketolase

activity is reduced in deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B1),

Question 14

What does the deficiency associated with Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) cause?

Answer 14

glossitis

Angular stomatitis

Corneal ulceration

Question 15

How is Vitamin B2 deficiency tested?

Answer 15

RBC glutathione reductase decreases

Question 16

3) What are the deficiency effects of Vitamin B3 (Niacin)?

Answer 16

Pellagra
(3 Ds: Dementia, Dermatitis, Diarrhoea)

Dermatitis: casal’s necklace

Question 17

(2) What are the deficiency effects of Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)?

Answer 17

Dermatitis
Sideroblastic anaemia

Question 18

What is the excess effect of Vitamin B6?

Answer 18

Neuropathy

Question 19

How is Vitamin B6 deficiency tested?

Answer 19

RBC AST activation

Question 20

(2) What are the deficiency effects of Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)?

Answer 20

Pernicious anaemia
Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord

Question 21

How is Vitamin B12 deficiency tested?

Answer 21

Serum B12 levels

Question 22

What is the deficiency associated with Vitamin C (Ascorbate)?

Answer 22

Scurvy

Question 23

What is the excess effect of Vitamin C?

Answer 23

Renal stones

Question 24

How is Vitamin C deficiency tested?

Answer 24

Plasma levels

Question 25

(2) What are the deficiency effects of Folate?

Answer 25

Megaloblastic anaemia Weakness + Falls Neural tube defects

Question 26

How is folate deficiency tested?

Answer 26

RBC folate levels

Question 27

What is vitamin A

Answer 27

Retinol

Question 28

What is vitamin D?

Answer 28

Chole-calciferol

Question 29

What is vitamin E?

Answer 29

Tocopherol

Question 30

What is vitamin K?

Answer 30

Phyto-menadione

Question 31

What is vitamin B1?

Answer 31

Thiamine

Question 32

What is vitamin B2?

Answer 32

Riboflavin

Question 33

What is vitamin B3

Answer 33

Niacin

Question 34

What is vitamin B6

Answer 34

Pyridoxine

Question 35

What is vitamin B12?

Answer 35

Cobalamin

Question 36

What is vitamin C?

Answer 36

Ascorbate

Question 37

What are the fat soluble vitamins?

Answer 37

Vitamin A retinol Vitamin D cholecalciferol Vitamin E tocopherol Vitamin K phytomenadione

Question 38

What are the water soluble vitamins?

Answer 38

Thiamine B1 Riboflavin B2 Niacin B3 Pyridoxine B6 Cobalamin B12 Ascorbate C Folate

Question 39

What are the trace elements?

Answer 39

Iron Iodine Zinc Copper Fluoride

Question 40

What does iron deficiency do?

Answer 40

Hypochromic anaemia

Question 41

What does Iodine deficiency do?

Answer 41

Goitre Hypothyroid

Question 42

What does zinc deficiency do?

Answer 42

Dermatitis

Question 43

What does copper deficiency do?

Answer 43

Anaemia

Question 44

What does fluoride deficiency do?

Answer 44

Dental caries

Question 45

What deficiencies can occur because of Crohns?

Answer 45

Terminal ileum affected so B12 and fat soluble vitamin deficiency Folate deficiency can occur in patients on methotrexate therapy Calcium phosphate, magnesium, zin can be deranged if chronic diarrhoea

Question 46

What deficiencies can coeliac disease cause?

Answer 46

Iron Vitamins ADEK (fat soluble) Thiamine Vitamin B6

Question 47

What deficiencies can chronic liver disease cause?

Answer 47

Vitamins ADEK B12 Selenium Magnesium Zinc Folate

Question 48

What deficiency can chronic kidney disease cause?

Answer 48

Protein energy wasting syndrome

Question 49

What deficiency can pancreatic insufficiency cause?

Answer 49

Vitamins ADEK

Question 50

What can cause niacin deficiency?

Answer 50

Isoniazid Azathioprine

Question 51

What is marasmus?

Answer 51

A protein deficiency Because of low intake of carbs, fats, and protein No subcutaneous fat on this patient, shrivelled look, growth restriction

Question 52

What is kwashiorkor?

Answer 52

Sole protein deficiency causes oedematous scaling Lethargy large liver subcutaneous fat

Question 53

Patient with bleeding gums, joint and bone weakness, microfractures, slow wound healing?

Answer 53

Vitamin C deficiency