Nutrition, Diet And Body Wieght

Question 1

Define metabolism

Answer 1

The chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life.

Question 2

Define catabolic then anabolic processes

Answer 2

Catabolic- break down molecules to release energy in the form of reducing power
Anabolic- use energy + raw materials to make large molecules for growth and maintenance

Question 3

What is a kilojoules

Answer 3

The official standar unit of food energy
Calorie is commonly used (1 cal=1 kcal)
1 kcal=4.2 KJ

Question 4

What is a kilacal

Answer 4

The amount of energy needed to raise temp of 1 kg of water by 1C

Question 5

List the 9 essential AAs. Why are they essential

Answer 5

Essential as body can synth them

Isoleucine, Lysine, Threonine, Histidine, Leucine, Methnine, Phenylanine, Tryptophan, Valine

Question 6

What are the 3 extra protiens needed by children and pregnant women?

Answer 6

Arginine,
Tyrosine
Cytosine

Question 7

What 2 acids does fat provide the body?

Answer 7

Linoleic acid

Linolenic acid

Question 8

What are the fat-soluble vitamins?

Answer 8

A
D
E
K

Question 9

What are minerals used for?

Answer 9

Ca2+ = signals and bones/teeth
Phosphorous = bones/teeth
Iron = heam +enzyme co-factor
Enzyme cofactors = iron,magnesium, manganese, cobalt, copper, zinc, molybdenum

Question 10

What is the name of a Vitamin A deficiency?

Answer 10

Xerophthalmia

Question 11

What fat soluble mineral is Rickets a deficiency of?

Answer 11

Vitamin D

Question 12

What des a vitamin E deficiency cause?

Answer 12

Neurological abnormalities

Question 13

What does a vitamin K deficiency cause?

Answer 13

Defective blood clotting

Question 14

What is Beriberi a deficiency of?

Answer 14

Vitamin B1

Question 15

What is vitamin B12 deficiency called?

Answer 15

Aneamia

Question 16

What does vitamin B6 deficiency cause?

Answer 16

Dermatitis and aneamia

Question 17

What does a biotin vitamin deficiency cause?

Answer 17

Alopecia, scaly skin and CNS defects

Question 18

What is scurvy a deficiency of?

Answer 18

Vitamin C

Question 19

What does a choline deficiency cause?

Answer 19

Liver damage

Question 20

What can a folate deficiency cause?

Answer 20

Neural tube defects and anemia

Question 21

What defiecncy can cause pellagra (the 3 d’s=diarrhoea, dementia,dermatitis)?

Answer 21

Niacin deficency

Question 22

What can a deficency in Pantothenic acid cause?

Answer 22

Fatigue and apathy

Question 23

What is ariboflavinosis a deficiency in?

Answer 23

Riboflavin

Question 24

Where can we get dietary fibre?

Answer 24

IN cereal foods

Cellulose, lignin, pectin and Gum

Question 25

What does our GI tract use our dietary fibre for?

Answer 25

It cant break it down but it aids normal function

Question 26

What can a lack of dietary fibre cause?

Answer 26

Constipation + bowel cancer

Question 27

What does a high fibre diet help lower?

Answer 27

Cholesterol and risk of diabetes

Question 28

What is a dietary reference value?

Answer 28

Estimates of energy and nutrients needed by groups of healthy people in the UK

Question 29

What does RNI stand for? And who is it suitable for?

Answer 29

Reference Nutrient Intake (used for protein, vitamins + minerals) Suitable for 50% of people , 50% require more

Question 30

What does EAR stand for? and who is it suitable for?

Answer 30

Estimated Average Requirement (used for energy) | Suitable for 97.5% of the population needs

Question 31

What does LRNI stand for? And who is it suitable for?

Answer 31

Lower Reference Nutrient Intake (inefficient for most people) Suitable for lowest 2.5% of people, most need more

Question 32

What is daily expenditure a sum of?

Answer 32

BMR (basal metabolic rate) + DIT(diet induced thermogenesis) + PAL(physical activity level)

Question 33

What makes up our basal metabolic rate?

Answer 33

Cell maintenance + organ function + maintain body temp

Question 34

What factors can effect our BMR?

Answer 34

Body size (SA), gender (male higher), enviro temp (cold higher), body temp (12% increase per degree)

Question 35

Where our our bodies energy stores?

Answer 35

Short term energy rich molecules in muscle-seconds Carbs for immediate use-min/hour depending on activity Long term adipose stores-40 days In extreme conditions muscle is converted to energy

Question 36

What is obesity?

Answer 36

Excess fat accumulates in adipose tissue, impairing health BMI>30 Major preventable cause of death

Question 37

How do we calculate BMI?

Answer 37

Weight (Kg) / Height (M Squared)

Question 38

What risks increase if fat is distributed mainly in the upper body?

Answer 38

Insulin resistance, hyperinsulinism, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, strokes, death