Nutrition Exam 1 Flashcards
(87 cards)
1
Q
What is the worst type of fat
A
Trans fats
2
Q
What are the types of fatty acids
A
satuarated
monosaturated
polysaturated
3
Q
types of lipids
A
triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols
4
Q
structure of triglyceride
A
fatty acid- large chair of carbon atoms
glycerol back bone
5
Q
phospholipid structure
A
soluble in water
1 glycerol back bone and two fatty acids
6
Q
sterols
A
ring structure
7
Q
Where does fatty acids enter in the cell
A
mitochondria
8
Q
what travel with fatty acid in the blood
A
albumin
9
Q
what happens in the mitchondria
A
fat will use o2 and produce ATP for energy
10
Q
where fat is absorpbed
A
SI
11
Q
what molecules make up fat
A
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
12
Q
Why are phospholipids important
A
cell membrane
13
Q
blood cholesterol is impacted by by food cholesterol
A
false
14
Q
most common lipid
A
triglycerides
15
Q
structure of a tryglyceride
A
3 FAs and 1 glycerol
16
Q
monosaturated and polysaturated
A
1 double bond
multiple double bonds
17
Q
What do tryglycerided and phospholipids have in common
A
FA and glycerol
18
Q
phospholipids and triglycerided have a hydrophobic and hydrophilic end
A
F
19
Q
Poly unsat. are healthy
A
true
20
Q
omegas are unhealthy
A
no they r healthy
21
Q
What is EHA and DHA
A
omega
22
Q
what are ALA
A
flax chia walnut
23
Q
EHA and DHA
A
algea and fatty fish
24
Q
Not all fats have fatty acids
A
false
25
how much of your diet should have fats and what should be trans fats
30 % and 10 % of transfats
26
where does digestions of fat take place
small intestine
27
who can digest fats
infants
28
where is cck released
duednum si
29
where will cck go
goes to acessory organs to release bile and lipase
30
what will triglyceride be broken down to with lipase
di and monglyceride
31
Proteins
large complex molecules made up of amino acids and found as essential components of all living cells
32
Whats the building block of proteins
amino acids
33
what provides nitrogen
proteins
34
structure of an amino acid
5 parts
central carbon atom
amine group- nitrogen
hydrogen atom
side chain
35
amino acids
nitrogen containing molecules that combine to form proteins
36
essential amino acids
amino acids not produced by the body that must be obtained from food
37
how many amino acids are essential
9
38
nonessential amino acids
manufactured by the body s
39
conditionally essential amino acid
amino acids considered to be nonessential but become essential under certain circumstances when the body's need them excess ability to produce them
39
transamination
the process od transferring the amine group from one amino acid to another in order to manufacture a new amino acid
40
peptide bond
a unique type of chemical bond in which the amine group of one amino acid binds to the acid group of another in order to manufacture dipeptides and all larger peptide molecules
41
gene expression
a gene to make a protein
42
What regulates amino acid binding
genes
43
transcription
the process through which messenger RNA copies genetic info from DNA in the nucleus
44
What type of digestion occurs in the mouth
chemical and mechaincal
45
Whats the main function of the stomach
to denature proteins
46
An active protein enzyme
pesinogen
gastrin
HCL acid
Pepsin
pepsin
47
Which of the following hormones is responsible for signaling the pyloric sphincter to slow doen and release of chyme
cholecystokinin
48
T or F the acessory organs are part of the GI tract
False - accessory organs have ducts that dump digestive fluid into GI tract but are not a part of GI tract
49
The tissue in the small intestin increases the surface area by 300 times
vili
50
T o F the sodium, potassium, and chloride are product in the large intestine by prebiotic feeding the bacteria
False
prebiotics feed on bacteria, vitamin K and short chain fatty acids are produced which are then absorbed by the body
51
Which carbs are not digested by the body
oligosaccharides and polysaccharide starches
52
Why are artifical sweeteners bad
They provide little to no calories because that are not digested by the bod they can effect insulin efficiency wich can lead type 2 diabetes
53
Allergy vs intolerance
allergy cannot have causes and immune respone
intolerance can have a little in small quantities
54
Amylopectin and digestion
will be digested rapidly because it is brtanched chain structure has many ends for digestion to occur amylose is a single chain with only 2 ends so it digest slower
55
What hormone increase blood s when levels are low
glucagon
56
ATP is produced in which of the 4 metabolic pathways
glycolysis
krebs
ETC
57
IS blood Cholesterol affected by consumption of food
no
liver will adjust production of cholesterol , BC is affected by the consumption of saturated fats man-made trans fats and processed food
58
HOW ARE phospholips and trigylcerides similar
fatty acids and glycerol head
59
trigly. and phosphl have a hyrophobic end and a hydrophilic end
yes
glycerol head is hydrophilic
fatty acids are hydrophobic
60
where can you find DHA foods
algea and fatty fish
61
what is the purpose of bile
to suspend small pieces of fat in the digestive fluid
62
Lipoproteins transport digested lipids from the smal intestin to the liver
chylomicron
63
how many essential amino acids for our diet
9
63
how are proteins different than carbs and triglycerides
nitrogen
64
where does translation occur
ribosome
65
know the structure of proteins in the body
the structure of proteins is wheew alpha helix or beta sheet is produced
secondary
66
main functions of protein
hormones
enzymes
cell repair and function
67
why is protein an ineffecient fuel source
it produces inconsistent ATP die to varied entry in the metabolic pathways
68
whats an incomplete protein
lacks an amino acid
69
animals proteins
are 3 to 4 times the mount of protein in plants
70
digestion of proteins begins in
stomach
71
phospholipid function
cell membrane bilayer
formation of lipoproteins
component of bile and to emulsify fats for digestion
72
phospholipid structure
glycerol head and 2 fatty acid tails
73
sterol
multiring structure
74
cholesterol source
liver produces based on food intake
75
sterols and stenols
block cholesterol absorption
76
how many fatty acids form tryglycerides
3
77
saturated
78
unstaturated
79
transfat
80
omegas
81
fat (stomach)
liver
pancreas
small intestine
large intestine
minor digestion with a lipase enzyme
liver: bile stored in gall bladed released through the bile duct into small instead will emulsify the lipids
pancreas- small mixture of enzymes such as lipase in small intestine
small intestine- primary site for digestion and absorption pf lipids fatty acids can be transferred with lymph
large intestine- will be excreted
82
VLDL
transport trig. and cholestorl to the cells
83
LDLS
bad cholesterol
TRYG are given to cells of the body changed densisty and becomes LDL
84
HDLS
scavenger cholesterol from dying cells to return to the liver
85
metabolism of fat
fat will enter the cell through lipolysis
if brought through the blood will go into mitochondria
1/2 through glycolysis, glycerol will enter FA will be shuttled through
