Nutrition Exam 1 Flashcards
(254 cards)
1
Q
what molecules are carbs made of?
A
C H O
2
Q
Whats the primary component in feed?
A
Carbs
3
Q
Name the important Monsaccarhide carbs?
A
Fructose and Glucose (hexoses)
4
Q
Name the important disacharide carbs?
A
Sucrose
5
Q
Name the important polysacharide carb?
A
Cellulose and Starch
6
Q
what the second most abundant thing in animals?
A
Protein (water is 1st)
7
Q
AA are the build blocks to?
A
Proteins
8
Q
a long chain of AA is a____?
A
Protein
9
Q
Haemoglobin
A
Mineral + Protein
10
Q
Glycoproteins
A
Carbs + Protein
11
Q
Lipoproteins
A
Lipids + Protein
12
Q
how many AA are used in animals?
A
20
13
Q
What proteins are low in cerals
A
Lysine, Methionine & Tryotophan
14
Q
Which is an essectial AA in cats
A
Taurine
15
Q
what is a phosphoilipid
A
FA + Phosphrous
16
Q
Sterols are?
A
Vit D + Cholesterol
17
Q
My function is to be a concentrated form of stored energy, what am I?
A
Lipid
18
Q
What are fats made of
A
FA
19
Q
how many C are in a FA?
A
2-24
20
Q
What is a Saturdated fat?
A
When all the carbondds are taken by an H
21
Q
WHat percent of a monogastrics diet is FA?
A
1%
22
Q
I am importan part of prostoglandins and the cell membrane?
A
FA
23
Q
List the unsaturated FA
A
Palmitoleic, Oleic, Linoleic, linolenic and Arachindonic
24
Q
Scaly skin, necrosis of the tail and poor feathering
A
Signs of FA deficiency
25
what spp is effected by FA defieciencies most?
Poultry
26
Linoleic and linolenic Fatty Acids are?
Essecnstial FA
27
I can not be decompossed or synthesised who am I
Mineral
28
If a mineral is above 100 ppm
its a macromineral
29
where are most minerals found in the body?
The skeleton
30
What is most abundent mineral in Ash
Ca at 46 %
31
what is the 2nd most abundent mineral in Ash?
P 29%
32
Which spp get Iron deficiencies?
Piglets
33
Whip spp gets coblet deficiencies?
Sheep
34
WHich spp gets selenium deficiences?
PIgs
35
WHich spp gets zinc deficiencies?
Goats and Chx
36
can you have to much minerals
yes
37
Name the Macro Minerals
Ca, P Cl, Mg, K, Na, S
38
Do you need large or small amounts of Vits
small
39
Are all VIts synthesized?
No some are some arent
40
Which Vit is not made by humans, pigs and monkeys
Vit C
41
Which vitamins are co factors
Water soluble
42
Vit B(1,2,6,12) and Vit C are
Water souluble
43
WHat roles fo Fat soluble Vits
Antioxidants, Vision, Ca Absorbtion
44
Vit A,D,K,E
Fat soluble
45
Where are mist Vits stored
Liver
46
I bind to specfic proteins who am I
A Vit
47
Are Vitamin deficiencies Rare?
No they are common
48
I am ANorexicm retarded growth, dermatits and muscular incordination
I have a vitamin deficiencie
49
Blidness
Vit A deficiencies
50
Rickettes
Vit D def
51
Tissue Hemorrhage
Vit K Def
52
Crazy chicken Disease-encephalomalacia
Vit E
53
Edema of eyelids
Vit B6
54
Whats the most important form of energy?
Carbs
55
4.184 J
is 1 cal
56
Gross Energy is measured by
CAlormetric Bomb
57
what are food rations based on
Energy
58
what is digestiable energy?
Gross-fecal
59
what is metabosiable energy
digestable (gross-fecal) - gasesous/urinary enrgy
60
what is a resreve energy
fat
61
Acetic acid is what
Saturated fat
62
what perecent of fat free body weight is water?
75
63
how much water is in corn silage
65-75 percent
64
what percent of corn grain is water?
10$
65
WHen is water loss increased
in high protein diets, mineral salts fiber and overall intake is high
66
how much disolved solvent are in GOOD water
less than .25
67
can you taste nitrates, fluorides and heavy metals before they are toxic?
No
68
Does temp of water have effects?
Yes
69
WHats included in proximate anlysis
DM, CP, Ether extract for Fat, CF, Ash for minerals and Nitrogen free extract for carbs
70
whats the calucalation for DM
DM= dry weight / fresh weight
71
what is the Kjeldalh method used for
Crude protein
72
what is used in the Kjeldahl methaod to get the N free to be trapped
Sulphuric acid
73
what percent of protein is averagely in feeds
16
74
N x 6.25=?
CP
75
What is an example of a error the Kjeldahl method has?
for exmplae urea has no protein and alot of N so the caulculation N x 6.25 = CP shows that there is alot of protein
76
what is the ether extract method used for?
Crude fat anlyisis
77
What would you use to figure out specfic FA
Not the Ether extract method its not specfic
78
is the ether extract method qualatative or quanittaive
guantatative
79
Boiling with a weak acid and then a weak alkaline is used in which method?
to find Crude Fiber
80
Why do you boil in acid and the alkaline
to simulate the digestive process
81
what is read in the CF analysisi?
cellulose, hemicellulose, Xylans, Lignin and other compounds associated with Fibrous carbs such as stuff in the cell wall of plants
82
What does ca show?
Mineral
83
what is left in Ash
Metallica oxides
84
WHen analyzing Ash you can figure out what specfic mineral are there
No
85
How do you calcualte carbs
Via the nitrogen free extract
86
What is the nitrogen free extract calculation
100- CP-CF- Crude fat-ash
87
what are the 2 new mathods in calculating energy
Detergents and NIRS
88
Are degernts part of proximate anlyisis
no
89
____________ is more acurate in defining carbs in food content
Detergents
90
What does NDF show
the structraul componets of the cell wall of plants
91
do you want a high or low NDF
Low
92
DO you want a low or high ADF
Low
93
Low NDF values are associated w.
younger plants
94
Low ADF values are associated w/
more digestable
95
are roughages and forages considered fibers
No they are considered carbs
96
forage
total plant material
97
roughage
is the dietary component high in fiber
98
what need microbial digestion
roughphage
99
who eat rough better horses and cows or swine and poluttry
horses and cows
100
im low in carbs but high in fibers am I a forage of roughage
roughphage
101
FAMily: Grarmineae
Grass
102
Cerals are
Grasses
103
which type o grass are most cerals in
C3
104
does C4 or C3 habe lower protein
C4
105
is C3 or C4 tropical
C4
106
Im a grass in Southern USA who am I
Bermuda grass
107
I have dense roots and spread through rhizomes and become very fibrous when over mature
Bermuda grass
108
Im a perennial grass
Ryegrass
109
I like the cold temps and also am a quality grass
Ryegrass
110
Im a hearty winter grass
Brome grass
111
I have issues with ergot
Fescue
112
I get infected with Neotyphodium ceonophialum and AM drought tolerarnt
fescue
113
Where is fescue found
everywhere
114
I have fescue foot when did this happen
fescue in the winter
115
what can i get from fescue in the summer
Summer sydrome, which causes rapid breathing and fever
116
What are mares effectedd by fescue
Gestation
117
WHich 2 grasses are not drought resistant
Timothy and Orchard
118
Is timothy cold or warm
cold
119
HAy is made from
Timothy and Orchard
120
Does timithoy have high or low protein
high
121
are legeumes high or low in proteins
High
122
I am a good source of Protien, Calicum and carotene
I am alfalfa
123
Is alflpha drough resistant
yes
124
Name 2 problems associated with ALflfa
Bloat and blister beattles
125
what is the toxin in blister beetles
Canthardin
126
what does canthardind do
GI irritant
127
i have the toxin courmarin what polant am I
Sweet clover
128
who is most supsetinle to coumarin
cattle eating sweet clover
129
what does courmanin cause
bleeding in neonates or after sx and carcass damage
130
what is courmarin converted to
Dicourmarol
131
what plant does Rhizoctonia legumincola effect
Red clover
132
What acculmalates when a red clover is infected with Rhizoctonia legumicola?
SLaframineine ( a mycotoxin)
133
What does slaframine cause
salivary syndrome in horses and bloat
134
what clover cause photosensitization
Alskie clover
135
what perecent of alskie clover can be in feed for horses
5
136
which clover is high in protein and is important in diet
White/dutch clover
137
who loves forbes
Goats
138
who can eat browes
bison and deer things
139
when is the ideal time to cut for Hay
mid spring
140
to be a hay whats the max moisture
20 percent or less
141
what is haylage
semiwillted grass and legumes
142
who has a higher moisture content silage or haylage
silage
143
who has higher protein Hay or Silage
Silage
144
what crop can be made into sillage
any
145
which crop has the highest CP in sillage
grass sillage
146
which sillage is most popular in dairy cattle
corn silage
147
is corn silage high or low in minerals
low
148
what are the 2 types of silage
carbonaceous & proteinaceous
149
carbonaceous silages are made from
cerals like corn and grasses
150
proteinaceous silages are made from
legumes like alfalfa
151
the stem the non grain part
straw
152
low in energy protein and minerals what am I
straw
153
straw is high in
fiber
154
when you use straw you musct
substitute with concentrates
155
what can u use in dry andolder cows
straw
156
cerals are
high in energy
157
is corn a cold or tropic
tropic
158
is corn low or high in protein
low
159
what AA is corn missing
typtophane and lysine
160
does corm and cob meal or corn grain highrt in protein
corn grain
161
cold tolerant ceral
barley
162
dont feed this ceral green
barley
163
im a ceral that grows well in wet cold
oats
164
Im a ceral that is important to horses and can be fed whole or rolled
oats
165
i have lower energy and fiber than other cereals but im safe
oats
166
im a drought resistant cereal similar to corn
sorghum
167
im the outer overing of the ceral grain seen
bran
168
what cereal has the highes CP
wheat
169
molasses has high and low
highenergy low protein
170
what is molassase used fro
increase palatbilty
171
what are beet pulp and citrus pulp used for
high energy
172
fats and oils are used for
energy and reduces dust
173
do most feedstuff need to need a protein supplement
yes
174
to be a NCR protein supplememt what percent protein
20
175
monogastrics need to consider
essential AA
176
whats the most important oilseed meal for protein supplemet
soybean
177
why soybean oil must be treated
urease and saponins
178
what toxin does cotton seed oil have
gossypol
179
what does gossypol do
lungs and repro stuff
180
is cotton seed oil safer in mongastric or ruminanants
rumininanats
181
Im high in CP but deficient in lysine and high in fiber (not for mongast)
sunflower
182
im a tropical crop low in lysine anad have low digestibilty so no recommemenned for mongastricsd
peanut
183
in low in CP high in CF poor AA and have cyanogenic glycoside
linseed
184
i have good CP, lowish lysiine but hihg methionine but contain a toxin called goitrogenic
canola
185
what does gointrogenic do
distrupt thyroid
186
low palatabliiy CP 40-60
corn gluten
187
corn guten meal or corn grain higher energy
corn grain
188
disterlery brewery products are significant fro
high tryptophan
189
46 urea is how much protein
287
190
who need more salt supplement cows or pigs
cows
191
im a vit not found in plants, fish liver oil
Vit A
192
vit in sun cured forages
Vit D
193
vit in germ oil plants
Vit E
194
vit in green plants
Vit K
195
vit in animal fish and dairy
Vit B
196
somatotorioin is not allowed in US
false not in europe
197
what do the majority of geriatric horses die from
old age
198
whats the 1 problem in horses
colic
199
horses can uses fiber diets only
no fiber and cereal grain and seed meals
200
how much can a stomach comfortably hold
8 l
201
primary site for enzymatic digestion
SIprimary site
202
where are fats absorbed
SI
203
proteins are absorbed whole in the SI
no they are AA
204
what percent of proetien is digested in SI
55
205
what percent of soluble carbs are digested in SI
50-70
206
where are fat soulble vits abosorbed
SI
207
flow through increases as vol increases
True
208
how many hours does it take to appear in LI
2 hrs
209
cellulose is digested in SI
FALSE
210
primary site of water absoption
LI
211
primary site for microbial digestion
LI
212
where are VFA produced
LI
213
VFA examples
acetate proprionate and butyrate
214
for vit and minerals should you use exactly what they say
no up it by 1.25 to 3 times
215
whats ideal fro reg hosrse BCS
3 or 5
216
water to hay feed ratio
3.6 : 1
217
water to hay/grain ration
2.9 : 1
218
increase water in lactating
50-80 %
219
increase water in excersise
20-400%
220
cold horses fore every degree under -10 add how much DE
.408
221
how much excesses protein will stunt growth
25 percent excesss
222
early milk should be
2.1 protein
223
late mile
1.8 protein
224
ideal Ca: P ratio for growing horse
2:1
225
what is Ca affected by
phyate and oxalate and P
226
stallions need what increase energy
25%
227
Stallions need what increase in protein
10
228
increase eneergy in the 9th month
10
229
increase energy in the 10th month
13
230
increase energy in the 11th month
20
231
increase protein in late gestation ( 9-11 mo)
13
232
increase energy in lactation
44
233
increase protein in lactation
16
234
average adult protein supplemnt
8-10
235
I get a small grain meal with in 5 hrs of my event what am I
race horse
236
race horse should have more or less fiber mearing the race
Less
237
how much forage weight should a horse get
1 % of the BW
238
I DO NOT want to eat 1-4 hrs prior to my even who am I
endurance horse
239
Endurance want less or more fiber
More, it helps with water
240
how much oil can i feed a geratiric
1-2 cups
241
complete feeds are popular in what group of horses
geratircs
242
what else drops with insulin spikes in starved horses
Mg, K and P
243
Low carb or High carb for starved horses
Low
244
Low or High vol Alfalfa for starvfed
low
245
when can a horse habe free choice hay
day 10
246
cool things about beet pulp
high energy can use to make up 50% of diet low glycemic indexxcan sub sititue fro roughage
247
the high energy from beet pullp is dervied fron
fermentation
248
what are high fat diets made out o
rice bran
249
can you add oil to rise bran
no
250
what percent of rice brans energy is from fat
50-70%
251
how much oil can a horse get
up to 2 cups
252
feed hyperlipemia horse ___ percent of the required diet
70-75 %
253
orphan foal starats at what percent and the builds up to what in 10 days
10% then to 25%
254
What causes flatulent colic
cribing
