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Animal Nutrition > Nutrition Final > Flashcards

Nutrition Final Flashcards

1
Q

Animals lose from their bodies by:

A
  • Urination
  • Respiration
  • Defecation
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2
Q

A Nutrient

A
  • is anything the animal consumes and gets energy from
  • is any chemical element or compound in the diet that is required for normal reproduction, growth, lactation, or maintenance of life processes
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3
Q

T or F: a “balanced diet” means a diet that has the correct nutrients, in the proper amounts, that an animal needs to be healthy.

A

True

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4
Q

Energy is utilized by the animal’s body for:

A
  • Locomotion
  • Thermoregulation
  • Biochemical reactions
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5
Q

Regarding protein

A
  • Quality is measured based on digestibility and availability of amino acids
  • requirements increase in growing, lactating, and healing animals
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6
Q

T or F: Monosaccharides, such as glucose and galactose, have a general formula of C6H12O6

A

True

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7
Q

Mixture of feedstuffs used to supply nutrients to an animal

A

Diet

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8
Q

The qualitative and quantitative requirements of the diet necessary to maintain proper health

A

Nutrition

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9
Q

Any edible material that provides nutrients for animals

A

Feed

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10
Q

Any material made into or used as food

A

Foodstuff

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11
Q

The allowance/amount of diet for one/each day

A

Ration

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12
Q

Water

A
  • Is a nutrient
  • can come from food
  • can come from metabolism in the body
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13
Q

A good zoo nutrition program

A
  • includes a record keeping system
  • is scientifically based
  • includes keepers who care
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14
Q

Dehydration symptoms in an animal include

A
  • loss of skin elasticity
  • loss of appetite
  • reduced energy
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15
Q

T or F: carbohydrates are the most abundant nutrient in plants, while animal tissues have only trace amounts

A

True

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16
Q

Regarding Energy:

A
  • GE refers to Gross Energy
  • ME refers to Metabolizable Energy
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17
Q

Lipids include:

A
  • Cholesterol
  • Vegetable oils
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18
Q

T or F: Water is required by animals in larger amounts than any other nutrient

A

True

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19
Q

Carbohydrates

A
  • are stored in the body as glycogen and fat
  • may require specific digestive enzymes to break them down to be absorbed in the digestive tract
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20
Q

The “art of feeding” includes:

A
  • presenting the food in a way that it stays clean
  • presenting the food in a way that only the proper species gets it in a mixed species exhibit
  • preparing the diet in a way that the animal can eat it
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21
Q

T or F: the basic equation of metabolism in the body is C6H12O6 + 6 O2 <-> 6 H2O + 6 CO2

A

True

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22
Q

Methionine

A

Amino Acid

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23
Q

Fructose

A

Carbohydrate

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24
Q

Linoleic acid

A

Fatty acid

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25
Q

Taurine

A

Amino acid

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26
Q

Organic molecule

A

All of the above
- carbohydrate
- amino acid
- fatty acid

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27
Q

Polysaccharide

A

Carbohydrate

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28
Q

Contains Nitrogen

A

Amino acid

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29
Q

Cellulose

A

Carbohydrate

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30
Q

Tryptophan

A

Amino acid

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31
Q

Linolenic acid

A

Fatty acid

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32
Q

Regarding body water:

A
  • most of the body water is found in the cells
  • body water is found in the extracellular space
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33
Q

The function of lipids in food include

A
  • making sex hormones
  • they are necessary for cell membrane structure
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34
Q

T or F: 1 calorie is the energy it takes to raise 1 g of water 1 degree Celsius

A

True

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35
Q

Basal metabolism

A
  • is the condition in which a minimal amount of energy is expended to sustain the body
  • the requirement is referred to as the basal metabolic rate (BMR)
  • requires most of the total maintenance energy expenditure
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36
Q

Regarding glucose

A

It is the preferred source of energy by the cells

37
Q

T or F: “as fed” means to remove all the water from a food item

A

False

38
Q

In regards to the hormones that control blood sugar levels

A
  • insulin is released when blood sugar levels rise
  • glucagon is released when blood sugar levels drop
  • diabetes Mel lotus type 1 is insulin dependent
39
Q

Regarding lipid metabolism

A
  • most lipids are absorbed into the lymphatic system
  • lipids are broken down by bile acids and pancreatic lipase
40
Q

Ruminants

A
  • can turn carbohydrates into volatile fatty acids which are used as an energy source
  • have a microbe population in their rumen that can breakdown cellulose
41
Q

T or F: of all the three nutrient categories that provide energy, protein is the most preferred by the body to be used as energy

A

False

42
Q

Regarding fatty acids

A

Triglycerides are made up of 3 fatty acids and a glycerol

43
Q

Regarding calories

A
  • 1 kilocalorie = 1 Calorie = 1 Kcal
  • Kcal is the abbreviation for kilocalories
44
Q

The following is/are true:
- lipids are carried in the blood as lipoproteins
- linoleic acid is an essential fatty acid, meaning the body can’t make it so it needs to be provided in the diet
- fat is stored in adipocytes in the body tissues

A
  • all of the above
45
Q

Regarding Amino Acids

A
  • amino acids are used to build enzymes and hormones
  • essential amino acids are required in the diet
46
Q

Water serves the following basic functions for terrestrial animals:

A
  • temperature regulation
  • metabolism
47
Q

T or F: Ketones are a continuous product of lipid metabolism and can be used as an energy source by the body

A

True

48
Q

Regarding protein metabolism

A

-Degradation breaks down protein into amino acids
- synthesis builds proteins with amino acids
- ammonia is a waste product that must be turned into urea to excrete

49
Q

When providing energy to an animal on a per gram basis, the highest amount of energy is provided by

A

Fat

50
Q

Regarding biological value (BV)

A
  • protein sources can be evaluated on this basis
  • it measures the % nitrogen absorbed that can be utilized by the body
51
Q

T or F: even though ruminants can survive without consuming essential amino acids, cats can develop dilated cardiomyopathy from taurine deficiency

A

True

52
Q

Regarding vitamin c

A
  • it is also called ascorbic acid
  • deficiency can lead to a syndrome called scurvy
53
Q

Which of the following is not a treatment for an ingested toxic substance?

A

Give the animal some food to help absorb the toxin

54
Q

The following vitamins are water soluble

A
  • vitamin c
  • biotin
  • thiamin
  • folic acid
55
Q

Which of the following statements describes grass tetany?

A

It is also known as hypomagnesemia and causes muscle rigidity

56
Q

T or F: Macrominerals are required in relatively large amounts in the diet and are usually expressed in PPM or mg/kg

A

False

57
Q

Vitamin A

A
  • it is also called the “sunshine vitamin”
  • plays a major role in vision
  • it is often found in yellow and orange produce, like carrots
58
Q

Regarding energy concentrates

A

Cereal grains are a common source because they are high in starch

59
Q

Vitamin K

A

Is necessary for normal blood clotting

60
Q

Regarding B vitamins

A

-riboflavin is one
- they often have nervous system or metabolic functions
- rumen micro flora can make many of them

61
Q

Which of the following is a trace mineral

A

Zinc

62
Q

Vitamins

A

Are necessary in small amounts in the diet

63
Q

T or F: per the USDA, removal of unconsumed food (meat for example) must occur within 24 hours from presentation of the food

A

False

64
Q

Which of the following statements is true regarding Choline?

A

It is a water-soluble vitamin and is needed in relatively large amounts

65
Q

Regarding water soluble vitamins

A
  • generally, no body storage, except vitamin b12
  • consist of mostly B and C vitamins
  • relatively non-toxic
66
Q

Regarding minerals in the diet

A
  • excess can lead to stone formation in the digestive tract
  • excess can lead to crystal or stone formation in the urinary tract
  • geographic variation in where food is grown can cause changes in content
67
Q

Regarding vitamin E

A
  • it is a fat-soluble vitamin
  • it is often linked with a mineral, Selenium
  • alpha-tocopherol is another name for the active form of this vitamin
68
Q

Which of the following is not a cause of metabolic bone disease?

A

Loss of calcium during lactation

69
Q

T or F: When a diet is analyzed, the ash content is determined by incinerating a food sample at high temperature, leaving only minerals

A

True

70
Q

Treatment and prevention for Iron Storage Disease

A
  • includes repeated phlebotomy, since the body has no natural way to get rid of excess iron
  • includes giving a drug to bind to the iron, called chelation, and kidneys excrete this
  • includes changing the diet to stop the process
71
Q

Appropriate calcium to phosphorus ratio in the diet is

A

2:1

72
Q

Potassium is

A
  • also called an electrolyte
  • imperative for the body to function on a cellular level
73
Q

If stored or prepared improperly, food can break down via

A
  • oxidation
  • desiccation or water loss
  • leaching of nutrients into fluids
74
Q

NSHP, nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism, refers to

A
  • a problem that is secondary to (caused by) improper nutrition
  • a problem where the parathyroid glands secrete elevated levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) to pull calcium out of the bones and into the blood
75
Q

T or F: feeding standards are based on individuals, not a population, and consider all variables that may alter nutrient needs and utilization

A

False

76
Q

T or F: some trace minerals can vary geographically in the soil, and thus in the crops fed to animals

A

True

77
Q

Regarding the toxicity of vitamins

A

Vitamins A and D can be toxic if given in access

78
Q

The following vitamins are fat soluble

A

Vitamin D

79
Q

How can animals get access to toxic substances?

A
  • toxic plants can be in or around the animals environment
  • toxic substance can be in the animals feed
  • toxic substances can be in water
80
Q

Regarding Vitamin C

A

Needs to be given in the diet of primates and bats

81
Q

T or F: the point at which an animal reaches its energy demand or caloric density is a fixed point and does not depend on age, species, or productive function.

A

False

82
Q

Which of the following statements about intoxication is false?

A

Exposure means intoxication

83
Q

Which of the following are ways to assess the nutritional status of an animal?

A
  • physical examination
  • nutritional history
  • tissue analysis
84
Q

Which of the following is an example of Biomagnification?

A

Mercury in fish

85
Q

Regarding forage and roughage

A
  • roughage tends to have a high fiber content
  • rapid drying is important for the proper harvesting and storage of forage
  • mineral content is variable
86
Q

Regarding minerals

A
  • the group can be divided into macrominerals and microminerals (also called trace minerals)
  • the most abundant ones in the body are calcium and phosphorus
  • Magnesium is important for normal muscle function
87
Q

Metabolic Bone Disease (MBD) syndrome includes

A

Rickets: this usually refers to young growing bones

88
Q

T or F: Hunger and appetite are two different terms. Hunger is triggered by a physiological need whereas appetite is triggered by a desire to repeat a pleasant experience.

A

True

Animal Nutrition (4 decks)

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