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FINALS 304 RLE (SY 22-23) > NUTRITION & GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT > Flashcards

NUTRITION & GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT Flashcards

1
Q

What are the abdominopelvic regions?

A

Right hypochondriac region
Epigastric region
Left hypochondriac region
Right lumbar region
Umbilical region
Left lumbar region
Right iliac region
Hypogastric region
Left iliac region

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2
Q

What are the abdominopelvic quadrants?

A

Right upper quadrant
Left upper quadrant
Right lower quadrant
Left lower quadrant

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3
Q

Two Parts of Digestive System

A

1) GI Tract/Alimentary Canal (mouth to anus; 23-26 ft long)
2) Accessory Organs (outside of or to side of the GI tract, but are connected - teeth, salivary glands, biliary system: liver, gallbladder, panceas)

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4
Q

5 Major Processes of the Digestive System

A

1) Ingestion/Eating
2) Mechanical & Chemical Digestion
3) Peristalsis
4) Absorption
5) Defecation

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5
Q

Refers to a host of upper abdominal or epigastric symptoms such as pain, discomfort, fullness, bloating, early satiety, belching, heartburn, or regurgitation

A

Dyspepsia

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6
Q

What are friction rubs?

A

High pitched and can be heard over the LIVER and SPLEEN during respiration

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7
Q

It is heard as a loud prolonged gurgle

A

Borborygmi

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8
Q

During assessment, this is the sound that results from the presence of air in the stomach and small intestines

A

Tympani

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9
Q

During assessment, this heard over organs and solid masses

A

Dulless

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10
Q

This action is appropriate for identifying areas of tenderness or muscular resistance

A

Light palpation

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11
Q

This is used to identify masses

A

Deep palpation

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12
Q

Diagnostic Tests for GI Tract

A

Serum Lab: CBC, PTT/PT, Triglycerides, LFT, Amylase, lipase etc.

Stool Tests: Stool exam, quantitative study, Fecal Occult Blood testing, Fecal Immunologic test (FIT), Stool DNA testing

Breath Tests: Hydrogen Breath test, Urea Breath test (Helicobacter pylori)

Abdominal Ultrasonography : Endoscopic Ultrasonography (EUS)

Genetic Testing

Imaging Studies:
x-ray and contrast studies
computed tomography (CT) scan
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan
positron emission tomography (PET) scan
scintigraphy (radionuclide imaging)
virtual colonoscopy

Endoscopic Procedures
Manometry and Electrophysiologic Studies
Gastric Analysis, Gastric Acid Stimulation Test, and pH Monitoring

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13
Q

How many hours should the patient fast before ultrasound testing?

A

8-12 hours

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14
Q

What should a patient eat the evening before the test?

A

Fat-free meal

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15
Q

When must a barium studies be scheduled?

A

After ultrasonography

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16
Q

What should be done before the upper gastrointestinal tract study?

A

clear liquid diet, with nothing by mouth (NPO) from midnight the
night before the study

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17
Q

What are considered the most effective bowel cleansing preparatory agent?

A

Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based solutions

18
Q

How is the visualization of the lower GI tract obtained?

A

After rectal installation of barium

19
Q

Is a nonsurgical approach to evaluate the colon.

A

Virtual Colonoscopy

20
Q

It yields information about the
secretory activity of the gastric mucosa and the presence or
degree of gastric retention in patients thought to have
pyloric or duodenal obstruction.

A

Analysis of the gastric juice

21
Q

What are the classifications of nutrients?

A
  • Energy nutrients
  • Organic nutrients
  • Inorganic nutrients
22
Q

They release energy for maintenance of homeostasis. These are CARBOHYDRATES, PROTEINS AND FATS.

A

Energy Nutrients

23
Q

They build and maintain body tissues and regulate body process. Examples are CARBOHYDRATES, LIPIDS, PROTEIN AND VITAMINS.

A

Organic Nutrients

24
Q

They provide a medium for chemical reactions, transport materials, maintain body tempt., promote bone formation and conduct nerve impulses.

A

Inorganic Nutrients

25
Q

The six categories of nutrients

A

Water
Vitamins
Minerals
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids (fats)

26
Q

the most abundant nutrient in the
body 70% in adults, 77% in infant’s weight.

A

Water

27
Q

These are organic compounds that
regulate cellular metabolism, assisting the
biochemical processes.

A

Vitamins

28
Q

(simple sugar) includes glucose, galactose and fructose.

A

Monosaccharides

29
Q

(double sugar) includes sucrose, lactose and maltose.

A

Disaccharides

30
Q

(complex sugars) includes glycogen, cellulose and starch.

A

Polysaccharides

31
Q

have quantities of 100mg or greater eg calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium.

A

Macrominerals

32
Q

nutrients have trace elements with quantities less than 100mg eg fluoride, iodine, iron, zinc which play an essential role in metabolism.

A

Microminerals

33
Q

They are important for every bodily function
beginning with the genetic control of protein
synthesis, cell function and cell reproduction.

A

Protein

34
Q

These are organic compounds insoluble in water
but soluble in organic solvents such ether and
alcohol. They are classified as saturated and
unsaturated fatty acids.

A

Lipids

35
Q

it has reduced fiber and cellulose. Prescribed to decrease GI mucosa irritation in patients with ulcerations. Foods to be avoided are raw fruits except banana, vegetables, seeds, plant fibers and whole grains

A

Low Residue Diet

36
Q

The opposite of low residue diet. It increases the forward
motion of the indigestible wastes through the colon

A

High Fiber Diet

37
Q

It eliminates chemical and mechanical food irritants such as fried foods, alcohol and caffeine. Other types of diets are sodium restricted diet and fat controlled diet.

A

Bland Diet

38
Q

A soft diet promotes the mechanical digestion of
foods. It is prescribed for clients experiencing
difficulties in chewing and swallowing as well as post
operative patients.

A

Soft Diet

39
Q

The patient is allowed to ingest only liquids that keep the
GIT empty(no residues), such as water and apple juice.

A

Clear Liquid Diet

40
Q

The patient is allowed to ingest only liquids that keep the
GIT empty(no residues), such as water and apple juice.

A

Clear Liquid Diet

41
Q

prescribed mainly for post operative patients because of
calorie and nutrient consideration.

A

Liquid Diet

FINALS 304 RLE (SY 22-23) (1 decks)

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