Nutrition - Hypothyroidism

Question 1

What is hypothyroidism?

Answer 1

a condition where the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones, often due to Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

Question 2

what is the primary function of iodine in the body?

Answer 2

iodine is essential for the formation of thyroxine (T4), a key thyroid hormone

Question 3

What is the recommended daily allowance of iodine for adults?

Answer 3

150 mcg/day

Question 4

Name 3 food sources rich in iodine

Answer 4

seafood, sea vegetables (kelp, seaweed), and iodized salt

Question 5

what role does zinc play in the body?

Answer 5

zinc is a component of several enzymes and is vital for protein, DNA, and RNA metabolism

Question 6

What is the RDA of zinc for men and women?

Answer 6

11 mg for men and 8 mg for women

Question 7

which mineral is important for insulin activity and glucose uptake?

Answer 7

chromium

Question 8

what is the AI (Adequate intake) of manganese for men and women?

Answer 8

2.3 mg/day for men and 1.8 mg/day for women

Question 9

what are goitrogens?

Answer 9

compounds that interfere with thyroid hormone production, often found in foods like soy and cruciferous vegetables

Question 10

how can cooking affect goitrogens?

Answer 10

cooking can reduce the goitrogenic effects of these foods

Question 11

what is the RDA of selenium for adults?

Answer 11

55 mcg/day

Question 12

why is vitamin A important for thyroid function?

Answer 12

appropriate thyroid function is needed for vitamin A metabolism, and lower levels may occur in those with hypothyroidism

Question 13

what are some therapeutic considerations for managing hypothyroidism

Answer 13

ensure adequate iodine and selenium intake, assess caloric intake, and avoid excessive iodine in medicated individuals

Question 14

what is the AI for fluoride for men and women?

Answer 14

4 mg.day for men and 3 mg/day for women

Question 15

What is the primary cause of most cases of hypothyroidism?

Answer 15

hashimoto’s thyroiditis

Question 16

what is the RDA of iodine during pregnancy and lactation?

Answer 16

220 mcg/day during pregnancy and 290 mcg/day during lactation

Question 17

what happens to iodine that is not used by the thyroid?

Answer 17

it is excreted in the urine

Question 18

what are the consequences of iodine toxicity?

Answer 18

toxicity can result from intakes of several grams and may lead to thyroid dysfunction

Question 19

what is the role of zinc in relation to alcohol consumption?

Answer 19

absorption of zinc is inhibited by alcohol consumption

Question 20

what can excessive zinc supplementation lead to?

Answer 20

copper deficiency and interference with iron absorption

Question 21

what are the food sources with the highest bioavailabiity of zinc?

Answer 21

animal sources such as seafood, meat, eggs, and milk

Question 22

what is the AI for manganese, and whatare its food sources?

Answer 22

AI is 2.3 mg/day for men and 1.8 mg/day for women; food sources include grains, legumes, nuts, seeds, and leafy vegetables

Question 23

what are the potential effects of manganese toxicity?

Answer 23

Accumulation in the liver and CNS can lead to psychiatric disturbances and neuromuscular symptoms

Question 24

what is the role of selenium in the body?

Answer 24

integral to selenoproteins, including glutathione peroxidase, which has antioxidant properties

Question 25

what are the food sources of selenium?

Answer 25

brazil nuts, seafood, legumes, whole grains, lean meats, and dairy products

Question 26

What is the significance of fluoride in nutrition?

Answer 26

fluoride accumulates in calcified tissues and is important for dental health and bone formation

Question 27

what are the potential effects of excessive fluoride intake?

Answer 27

can lead to pitted and discolored teeth, with toxicity usually associated with long-term intakes of 10 mg/day or more

Question 28

how do goitrogens affect thyroid hormone production?

Answer 28

they interfere with the production of thyroid hormones, especially when iodine intake is low

Question 29

what are some examples of foods that contain goitrogens?

Answer 29

cassava, soy, lima beans, linseed, sorghum, sweet potatoes, and cruciferous vegetables

Question 30

what is the relationship between vitamin A and thyroid function?

Answer 30

appropriate thyroid function is necessary for vitamin A metabolism; hypothyroidism may lead to lower levels of vitamin A

Question 31

what dietary modifications are essential for managing hypothyroidism?

Answer 31

incorporate iodine and selenium-rich foods, assess caloric intake, and avoid excessive iodine intake in those already medicated

Question 32

what is the role of vitamin K in relation to manganese?

Answer 32

manganese plays a role in blood clotting and hemostasis in conjunction with vitamin K