Nutrition in Health and Disease Flashcards
(54 cards)
Diet
Sum total of all foods ingested
Food
The individual items ingested
Nutrients
Chemically defined compounds required by the body
What influences our choice of food?
- Likes/dislikes
- Religious and ethical considerations
- Social and psychological components
What is the required amount of nutrition equal to?
The amount required to sustain life and prevent a deficiency
What makes up the fixed component of demand?
- Basal requirements
- Mechanical work
- Substrate turnover
What basal requirements are there?
Membrane function including pumps, transport and signalling
At what level can there be mechanical work?
- Cellular level
- Tissue level
What makes up the variable component of demand?
- Cost of processing the dietary intake
- Cost of physical activity
- Cost of maintaining body temperature
- Cost of growth
How can basal metabolic rate be measured?
Direct colorimetry
What is basal metabolic rate dependent on?
Lean body mass
What equations can be used to calculate basal metabolic rate?
- Schofield
- Harris Benedict
- Henry
What has to be taken into consideration when calculating basal metabolic rate?
Adjustments for factors such as activity and illness
What contributes to metabolic demand?
Many systems
What is responsible for supply?
The gut and its associated organs
Nutritional failure
Failure to meet the nutritional requirements of the individual and may include the development of deficiency (weight loss) or excess (obesity)
Give 3 examples of forms of malnutrition.
- Marasmus
- Kwashiokor
- Obesity
Malnutrition
A state of nutrition in which an imbalance of energy, protein and other nutrients, causes measurable adverse effects on tissue/body form, (body size, shape, composition) body function and clinical outcome
What can malnutrition include?
Not only protein energy malnutrition but also malnutrition of other nutrients, such as micronutrients
What law are we bound by?
First law of thermodynamics: we cannot make or destroy energy
What does over-nutrition lead to?
- Obesity which leads to longer term problems
- These are often hidden and only become apparent over time
What does under-nutrition lead to?
- Weight loss and impaired function
- It strongly associates with illness
What is often the cause of under nutrition?
Illness
How do you calculate a BMI?
Weight (kg)
_________
Height^2 (m)
