Nutrition - infancy/childhood, micronutrient requirements Flashcards

Question

Vitamin A toxicity

Answer 1

``` N/V headache dizziness deep bone pain peeling skin gingivitis alopecia hepatotoxicity ```

Answer 2

``` fish fish liver oils fortified milk egg yolk sunlight ```

Answer 3

``` osteoporosis osteomalacia muscle weakness bone pain hypophosphatemia hypocalcemia ```

Answer 4

``` excess bone/soft tissue calcification kidney stones hypercalcemia anorexia renal failure ```

Answer 5

``` Polyunsaturated vegetable poils nuts eggs wheat germ whole grains ```

Answer 6

rare hemolysis anemia neuronal axonopathy myopathy

Answer 7

prolonged clotting time | impaired neutrophil function

Answer 8

green leafy vegetables liver vegetable oils intestinal flora

Answer 9

bleeding purpura bruising prolonged clotting time

Answer 10

Dairy dark, green, leafy vegetables fortified soy fortified orange juice

Answer 11

``` Tetany arrhythmias CHF altered nerve conduction osteomalacia ```

Answer 12

metastatic calcification weakness renal failure psychosis

Answer 13

``` soy clams wheat germ almonds dairy green leaves nuts cereal seafood ```

Answer 14

weakness convulsions neuromuscular irritability and dysfunction failure to thrive

Answer 15

hypotension cardiac disturbances respiratory failure

Answer 16

``` Meat milk bananas prunes raisins oranges grapefruits potatoes legumes ```

Answer 17

``` polyuria impaired muscle contraction ECG changes (prolonged QT interval, prominent U waves) peritoneal distension dyspnea paralysis cardiac disturbances ```

Answer 18

``` mental confusion hypotension weakness ECG changes (flattened P waves, wide QRS, peaked T waves) paralysis arddiac disturbances ```

Answer 19

``` meat fish poltry organ meats eggs prunes peas beans lentils soy raisins fortified grain products ```

Answer 20

``` glossitis fatigue tachycardia microcytic hypochromic anemia koilonychias enteropathy ```

Answer 21

nutritional hemosiderosis | organ damage

Answer 22

serum B12 transcobalamin (transporter) homocysteine MMA

Answer 23

requires IF - synthesized by parietal cells in stomach B12 bound to protein in food, HCl hydrolyzes so it can bind to IF B12/IF absorbed in distal ileum Pernicious anemia = autoimmune condition where parietal cells are destroyed, no IF = no absorption of B12

Answer 24

``` 10 ug/d (400IU/d) for breastfed infants from birth up until one year or when infant's diet contains 10 ug/d of vitamin D breast milk naturally low in vitamin D infants get little sun exposure ```

Answer 25

breastfed infants darker skin tone obesity

Answer 26

quantify circulating 25-OHD3

Answer 27

calcium absorption and balance immunity cell proliferation binds VDR to regulate gene expression

Answer 28

``` Bone deformities due to low vitamin D clinical chemistry: - low 25-OHD - elevated PTH low serum phosphate and calcium ```

Answer 29

rare | but most common in newborns - little transfer from mom, and newborn gut doesn't have a lot of bacteria

Answer 30

Heme: animal products; better absorbed | Non-heme: vegetables, fortified products

Answer 31

serum iron ferritin - best, storage protein to estimate stores transferrin: increases with poor status

Answer 32

``` fatigue/weakness pale eyes irritability lack of appetite apathy pale skin ```

Answer 33

``` folic acid: supplements, fortified food Polyglutamylated folates (natural form): attached to glutamate residues; absorption more elaborate ```

Answer 34

``` RBC folate (long-term): indicator of sources plasma/serum folate: short term plasma total homocysteine ```

Answer 35

DNA synthesis methylation reactions Metabolically linked to: B12, B6, aa Can mask hematological signs of B12 deficiency

Answer 36

``` cofactor for enzymes involved in protein/collage synthesis immune system cell division cell growth wound healing Carb breakdown sense of smell/taste ```

Answer 37

``` high protein foods (beef, pork, lamb, dark meat) nuts whole grains legumes yeast ```

Answer 38

``` frequent infections hypogonadism in males losso f hair poor appetite problems with taste/smell skin sores slow growth trouble seeing in the dark long time healing wounds ```

Answer 39

diarrhea abdominal cramps vomiting

Answer 40

formation of boens and teeth ATP!!! work with B vitamins

Answer 41

Protein food groups of meet/milk | phytin (storage form) in whole grain breads and cereals

Answer 42

generally no deficiency since abundant in food

Answer 43

rare can combine + Ca in blood to form deposits in soft tissues --> occur in people with severe kidney disease or severe dysfunction of calcium regulation

Answer 44

normal metabolism | normal thyroid function

Answer 45

``` iodized salt seafood naturally rich (cod, sea bass, haddock, perch) kelp dairy plants grown in iodine-rich soil ```

Answer 46

goiter hypothyroidism cretinism

Answer 47

rare in NA - iodized salt | can reduce function of thyroid

Answer 48

Impaired intellectual/motor functions that can occur early in Fe deficiency before anemia develops , may not be completely reversible Pica Pagophagia

Answer 49

desire to ingest non-nutritive substances happens in Fe deficiency can lead to ingestion of lead-containing substances --> concomitant plumbism (chronic lead poisoning)

Answer 50

desire to eat ice

Answer 51

Up until 1 y:

Answer 52

88% not naturally present 77% due to processed foods 6% from table salt; 5% cooking

Answer 53

Positive: alertness, ability to concentration Adverse: insomnia, irritability, nervousness, inhibit Ca absorption Children /women of reproductive age may be particularly sensitive

Answer 54

Health Canada max intake healthy adults: 400 mg/day (~3 x 8oz brewed coffee) Children

Answer 55

enzymes required for protein/collagen synthesis

Nutrition - infancy/childhood, micronutrient requirements Flashcards

(80 cards)