Nutrition Lifespan

Question 1

Fill in the blanks. “ At each stage of the Life Cycle nutritional requirements are different based on _______.”

Answer 1

1. Growth
2. Activity
3. Physiological Changes

Question 2

What is defined as Optimal Nutrition?

Answer 2

Promotes Healthy Growth and Development as well as reduces risk of Chronic Diseases and Nutritional Deficiencies.

Question 3

When does the energy requirements increase during Pregnancy?

Answer 3

Energy needs increase only during the 2nd & 3rd trimester by 10-15% (~300kcal/d)

Question 4

What are the type of increasing requirements needed for Pregnancy during Trimester 1-3?

Answer 4

Energy (protein, CHO, fats)
Vitamins
Minerals
Trace elements

Question 5

What is the importance of protein during pregnancy?

Answer 5

Adequate protein intake is needed to ensure brain & organ development

Question 6

What is the protein requirements for Pregnant females?

Answer 6

Requirements ~ 60-75g/d (~15% of energy intake)

• Maternal requirements increase by 20% (10g/d above a non-pregnant female)

Question 7

True or False? Fetus & newborn have limited capacity to synthesize omega 4 & 8.

Answer 7

FALSE!! Fetus & newborn have limited capacity to synthesize omega 3 & 6

Question 8

What is the purpose of Omega 3 & 6 in foetal development?

Answer 8

• Membrane synthesis
• Brain growth & development

Question 9

What is the value of Fat that should be consumed for Pregnant women?

Answer 9

Pregnant women should consume
- 200mg/d DHA, or
- > 500mg/d of DHA + EPA

Question 10

What are examples of Oily fish?

Answer 10

Salmon
Trout
Mackerel
Sardines
Fresh tuna

Question 11

What are examples of Fat soluble vitamins?

Answer 11

Vitamins
A
D
E
K

Question 12

Fill in the blanks. “ An example of a water soluble vitamin is Vitamin ______.”

Answer 12

B9 ( Folate)

Question 13

What is the normal Folate requirements in Pregnant women?

Answer 13

• 400ug/d supplementation + well-balanced diet (1mo prior to and during first 3mo of pregnancy)
• 5mg/d in women with h/o of previous child with neural tube defect e.g. spina bifida or with h/o diabetes

Question 14

What are the clinical findings of a newborn with iodine deficiency?

Answer 14

Birth defects
Slow mental development (cretinism)
Enlarged thyroid gland, Fetal death

Question 15

What is the amount of calcium required for Pregnant women?

Answer 15

1000mg/d (1300mg/d for women <19y)

Question 16

What is the amount of iron required for Pregnant women?

Answer 16

30mg/d *

Question 17

What is considered a plastic period for catch-up growth?

Answer 17

The first 2 years of life

Question 18

True or False? The basic metabolic rate of infants is TWICE that of adults.

Answer 18

TRUE!!

Question 19

What is the Caloric requirements for babies up to 2 years old?

Answer 19

108 – 98 kcal/kg/d

Question 20

What is the protein requirements for babies up to 2 years old?

Answer 20

2 – 1.6 g/kg/d

Question 21

When should Exclusive breast feeding occur?

Answer 21

Within the first six months of life

Question 22

What is the normal protein requirement for the pre- school child ( ages 1-4 ) ?

Answer 22

1.2g/kg/d

Question 23

What is the normal energy requirement for the pre- school child ( ages 1-4 ) ?

Answer 23

90-100 kcal/kg/g

Question 24

What are the characteristics of the pre- school child?

Answer 24

• Decrease in appetite
• Striving for independence
• Food Neophobia
• Wary of trying new foods
• Dislike for vegetables: Vitamin A intake suboptimal
• Picky Eaters
• Do not want to chew/consume meat: Iron

Question 25

What is the ideal eating environment for the Pre-school child?

Answer 25

1. Distraction free – turn off TV 2. Serve meals at consistent times 3. Seat at table / discourage eating while walking or playing. 4. Always supervise

Question 26

What are the characteristics of the type of food that should be given to the Pre- School child ( age 1-4) ?

Answer 26

* Attractive * Mix of favorite foods along with previously disliked foods. * Small portions * Limit juices, drinks, soda, milk between feedings * Low nutrient foods (candy, cookies, cake, bag snacks, sodas, fruit drinks) can be given occasionally but should not replace a meal)

Question 27

What is the recommended meal intake for the Pre-School child?

Answer 27

3 meals each day with 1 - 3 planned nutritious snacks

Question 28

What is the energy amount for the school age child (5- 11 years ) ?

Answer 28

Energy 90-70 kcal/kg/d

Question 29

What is the protein amount for the school age child (5- 11 years ) ?

Answer 29

Protein 1 g/kg/d

Question 30

What are the goals of nutrition management?

Answer 30

* Support optimal growth & development. * Encourage fitness * Ensure adequate nutrient stores for growth demands. * Establish healthful eating habits that will lower risk of chronic disease.

Question 31

Which period of life is known as being nutritionionally vulnerable?

Answer 31

Adolescence

Question 32

Which nutrients are required more for adolescent boys?

Answer 32

Protein Iron Zinc Calcium