Nutrition/ Metabolism/ Temp

Question 1

What 3 peptides influence hunger/ satiety

Answer 1

Ghrelin
Peptide yy
Cholecystokinin

Question 2

What cells secrete Ghrelin

Answer 2

Parietal
When fundus is empty
Hunger

Question 3

What secretes PYY

Answer 3

Enteroendocrine cells of ilium

Satiety

Question 4

What does CCK stimulate

Answer 4

Secretion of bile
Pancreatic enzymes
Appetite suppressing

Question 5

What are 2 long term hormones of appetite regulation

Answer 5

Lepton

Insulin

Question 6

Leptin is secreted by

Answer 6

Adipocytes

Suppress appetite

Question 7

What happens if an animal is Leptin receptor deficient

Answer 7

They over eat

Question 8

What secretes insulin

Answer 8

Pancreatic beta cells

Question 9

What does insulin stimulate

Answer 9

Glucose uptake

Promotes glycogen and fat synthesis

Question 10

What are the 5 categories of nutrients

Answer 10

Carbs
Lipids
Proteins
Vitamins
Minerals

Question 11

What hypothalamic neurons enhance appetite

Answer 11

NPY/AgRP group

Question 12

What hypothalamic neurons inhibit appetite

Answer 12

POMC/CART group

Question 13

How many molecules are essential nutrients

Answer 13

45-50

Must be in diet

Question 14

What organ is best at converting between molecule types

Answer 14

Liver

Question 15

What are carbohydrates converted into

Answer 15

Glucose

ATP

Question 16

Are carbohydrates essential

Answer 16

No

Can be made from amino acids

Question 17

What does using amino acids to form carbs cause

Answer 17

Ketosis

Acidosis

Question 18

What are some examples of carb groups

Answer 18

Sugars
Starch
Cellulose

Question 19

What form are most dietary fats in

Answer 19

Triglycerides

Question 20

What are triglycerides made of

Answer 20

Glycerol - 3 carbon alcohol

Fatty acids- carbon with carboxyl group

Question 21

Describe saturated fatty acid

Answer 21

Max H
No double bonds
Solid
Animals

Question 22

Describe unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 22

Double bonds
Liquid
Vegetalbles

Question 23

What does cholesterol come from

Answer 23

Egg yokes
Meats
Milk

Question 24

What are fats broken down into

Answer 24

Fatty acids
Monoglycerides
Reconverted to triglycerides

Question 25

What are the essential fatty acids?

Answer 25

Linoleic acid- omega 6 | Linolenic acid- omega 3

Question 26

Why are fats important

Answer 26

``` Protection Insulate Myelin Energy store Cholesterol in membranes For bile production Steroid hormones ```

Question 27

What are omega 3 fatty acids needed for

Answer 27

Cell membranes | More needed for children

Question 28

What are protein used for structurally

Answer 28

Keratin Collagen Elastin Muscle

Question 29

How many essential amino acids are there

Answer 29

10

Question 30

Describe complete proteins

Answer 30

``` All aminos Eggs Milk Meat Fish ```

Question 31

Describe incomplete proteins

Answer 31

``` Lack some aminos Legumes Nuts Seeds Grain Vegetables ```

Question 32

What is the all or none rule

Answer 32

Need all aminos to make protein

Question 33

What happens if not enough carb/ fat available

Answer 33

Protein will be used as a source of energy for ATP

Question 34

Why can corn and beans be acomplete protein

Answer 34

Corn- tryptophan and methionine | Beans- isoleucine and lysine

Question 35

What is the function of vitamins

Answer 35

Coenzymes Need minute amounts Organic

Question 36

What vitamins are made by the body

Answer 36

D- skin | K- enteric bacteria

Question 37

What are the water soluble vitamins

Answer 37

B C Except B12

Question 38

Where are water soluble vitamins absorbed

Answer 38

Intestinal tract | With water

Question 39

What are fat soluble vitamins

Answer 39

A D E K

Question 40

How are fat soluble vitamins absorbed

Answer 40

Bound to ingested lipids | Stores in body

Question 41

Which fat soluble vitamin isnt stored in the body

Answer 41

K

Question 42

What is the function of minerals

Answer 42

Help utilize nutrients or get incorporated Inorganic Moderate amounts needed

Question 43

List the 7 minerals required

Answer 43

``` Sodium Potassium Calcium Magnesium Phosphorous Chloride Sulfur ```

Question 44

What minerals are in bone

Answer 44

Ca P Mg

Question 45

What are the major electrolytes in te blood

Answer 45

Na | Cl