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Nutrition Mid Term ( Nursing ) Flashcards

(101 cards)

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1
Q

What is the Recommended Dietary Allowance

A

The average daily intake people need to prevent deficiency. Meets 97% of healthy individuals by age and sex

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2
Q

Describe characteristics of eating patterns associated with positive health outcomes

A

Meteratain diet and plant based ( healthy )

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3
Q

Describe characteristics of eating patterns with detrimental ( negative ) health outcomes

A

Fat & processed food ( unhealthy )

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4
Q

difference between essential and non-essential nutrients

A

essential = need it ( obtain through food; vitamins; water; and minerals )
non-essential = your body produce it

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5
Q

name nutrient dense food

A

whole grains, fruits, veggies, lean meats, nuts, seeds, low fat dairy, seafood, beans, eggs

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6
Q

name calorie dense food

A

full fat dairy, baked goods, sweetened beverages

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7
Q

what foods are BOTH nutrient and energy dense

A

nuts, dried fruits

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8
Q

classification of carbohydrates (simple and complex )

A

Simple = mono and disaccharides
Complex = poly

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9
Q

replace low fiber food with higher fiber foods !!

A

higher fiber is fruits, grain, protein ( aim for > 25g per day )

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10
Q

identify sources of carbs

A

whole wheat, flour, bread, oats, pasta, brown rice, corn, cereals

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11
Q

what are the recommendations regarding carbs intake in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans

A
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12
Q

Suggest ways to increase whole grain intake

A

instead of using regular bread with things just use whole grain bread (brown rice, corn, whole oats, and whole wheat things )

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13
Q

sugar alcohols can lead to…

A

diarrhea

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14
Q

sugar free does not equal calorie free… what are examples

A

diet soda, diet ice tea

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15
Q

what is the main energy source and what is the second and third best

A

carbs ( 4kal/gm ) , fats ( 9kcal/gm), protein ( 4kcal/kg )

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16
Q

what does the liver do for amino acids

A

convert AA to glucose
removes nitrogen
convert AA to triglycerides

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17
Q

positive v.s negative balance of nitrogen

A

positive during healing
negative when trying to heal (wound, trauma), starvation, cachexia

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17
Q

why should you limit your saturated fats

A

your body makes all it needs

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18
Q

how many gm are in a kg of body mass of protein

A

0.8mg

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19
Q

how many calories per gram does carbs and protein have

A

4

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20
Q

how many calories per gram does fats have

A

9

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21
Q

protein substitutions to increase protein

A

sour cream –> greek yogurt
juice –> milk
crackers –> almonds
French or regular yogurt –> greek yogurt or cottage cheese

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22
Q

incomplete v.s. complete protein

A

complete has all essential AA (meat, fish, dairy, soy, peas ) incomplete is ( rice, most veggies, whole grains, beans, nuts )

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23
Q

what types of things you may have where you wanna increase protein

A

anorexia, dialysis

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24
protein substitutions to decrease protein
Turkey sandwich --> chicken noodle soup, PB & J eegs with cheese --> cereal, pancakes, or a muffin ice cream --> jello, sherbert
25
kwashiorkor
inadequate protein intake
26
marasmus
inadequate calories and protein
27
what is fat essential for
- insulation - cell structure - temp regulation - absorption of fat-soluble vitamins
28
what does monounsaturated fats do for the body
help decrease cholesterol
29
what is the significance of omega 3
associated with decrease inflammation in the body - choose fish oils first. If vegan choose flax seed
30
what is recommended for fats
eat less meat and saturated fats which increase cholesterol, increase oils, eat fatty fish ( choose lower mercury fish if pregnant )
31
avoid fish that have mercury in it...why and what type
pregnancy...tuna
32
what is the difference between LDL & HDL
LDL = looser ( bad cholesterol ) HDL = Happy (good fat)
33
substitution for lowering fat substitute
whole milk = skim milk whole milk mozzarella = part-skim mozzarella sour cream = greek yogurt ranch dressing = low fat dressing ribs = grilled chicken
34
substation for higher fat substitute
mustard = mayo fat free yogurt = whole milk yogurt chicken breast = chicken thigh pretzels = crackers with peanut butter
35
Do vitamins have energy
NO ( needed for metabolism )
36
what vitamin is a coenzyme
All B Vitamins
37
fortified
nutrient food normally does not have is added to it
38
additive
substance added to food to affect its nutrition content
39
enrich
to add nutrients back that are lost during processing
40
examples of antioxidants
Vitamin A, C, E
41
Vitamin A
promotes normal function and growth of the eyes, bones, teeth, skin, and immune system
42
vitamin D = inadequate and toxicity
inadequate = rickets toxicity = kidney issues
43
difference between D3 and D2
D3 = animal foods D2 = plant foods
44
vitamin E deficiency vs toxicity
deficiency = fat malabsorption toxicity = my affect blood clotting ( inhibit platelet aggregation )
45
what is the role of vitamin E
support the immune system
46
Vitamin K role
synthesis of blood clotting protein
47
why do some people take high dosages of Niacin
raise HDL, lower LDL, lower lower triglycerides
48
what counts during fluids restrictions
anything that is really water, melts, liquid, iceberg lettuce, watermelon
49
how many ml's should you intake per kcal of water
1
50
hyponatremia
low sodium- uncommon but can lead to death and may d/t cancer
51
what is the most abundant mineral in body
calcium
52
what are the steps you need to take for calcium supplementation
always go for food first then go to supplements
53
function of calcium
bone and teeth, bp, muscle function
54
how to reduce sodium in the diet
take food that are high in potassium ( bananas ) because they are usually low in sodium - fruits and veggies
55
function of phosphorus
bone and teeth, acid base balance, energy metabolism
56
iron function
O2 transport
57
zinc
tissue growth and wound healing, reproductive health
58
Fluoride
heath of teeth and proper bone function
59
what vitamins are Fat soluble
ADEK
60
what vitamins are water soluble
B complex, C
61
what is energy balance
the amount of calories you intake you need to burn off ( 0 weight loss )
62
positive vs negative cal intake and cal output
positive: calorie intake is greater than calorie output (weight gain ) negative: calorie intake is less than calorie output (weight loss )
63
How to find optimal weight
women : 100 for 5 feet; add 5 pounds for every inch Men: 105 for for 5 feet; add 6 pounds per every inch
64
how to find BMI
use a chart!!
65
what is the BMI for underweight, normal, overweight, and obese
underweight: <18.5 normal: 18.5 - 24.9 overweight: 25-29.9 obesity: 30 and above
66
waist circumference cut offs ( women vs men )
women: less than 35 men : less than 40
67
span of time you should exercise per week to promote health
150-300 min/week ( moderate work out ) 75-150 min/week ( intense )
68
what I the baseline for the amount of calories should a person take
2,000
69
what foods don't have a nutrition label
raw foods, things with insignificance nutrients, bulk foods, foods less than 12 square inches ( mints )
70
meaning of reduced or less nutrient claims
product has at least 25% of reduce nutrient in it
71
meaning of good source in nutrient claims
product provided 10-19% of the DV for a nutrient
72
meaning of high, rich in, or excellent source in nutrient claims
the product has at least 20% of the DV for a nutrient
73
meaning of lean vs extra lean in nutrient claims
extra leave has less fat and saturated fat in it but same cholesterol
74
what is the significance of culture in eating
they determine what foods are edible and inedible ( American food v.s African food )
75
Acculturation meaning
adapting of believes and actions of culture...including food
76
what is the meaning of secondary foods in cultures
ones that their culture eats but not on a regular basis
77
what are core foods based on culture
typically complex carbs ( typically complex carbs ) - rice, potatoes, pasta, corn
78
what is the "soul" diet ( black or African American )
traditionally: corn, rice, catfish, lima beans, greens, pork, biscuits coming to America: Increase in veggie or fruit intake and decrease in traditional veggies
79
traditional vs moving to America diet in hispanic culture
traditional = high in fiber, low in fat, and high in veggies ( corn, beans, squash ) moving to America = decrease in veggies, beans, rice. Increase in lard sugar sweetened, flour toritialls, eating out
80
traditional vs moving to America diet in asian culture
traditional= low in fat and dairy, high in sodium and carbs move to America= wheat and bread increase, intake of raw vegging, dairy mean and sugar increase, fat intake increase
81
culture vs religion
religion has greater influence than culture does on ones diet ( many religions practice fasting )
82
what is the special consideration with Orthodox Jews diets
no pork or shellfish, only fish with fins and sacks and no meat and dairy on the same meal ( kosher )
83
meaning of Parve
food that containing no meat or dairy
84
Religion: catholic tradition ( considerations )
- dont eat meat on ash Wednesday or friends during lent - no coffee, tea, alcohol on latter day saints or seventh day adventists
85
what type of meal prep should you encourage and why.
encourage home prep: Lower in calories, higher in fruits and veggies, less expensive
86
underweight women are at greater risk for having what type of baby
LBW ( low birth weight )
87
over weight/obese women are at higher risk for having what type of baby
LGA ( large for gestational age )
88
what type of diet reduce the risk of premature brith
fish, chicken, whole grains
89
what type of folic acid should a pregnant women take
the synthetic kind because it is better absorbed and more available then the natural occurring
90
during the first 6 months what is not needed for a pre-me ( infants )
iron
91
glucose vs lactose in formulas in infants
you give glucose for infants and lactose formula for regular birth babies. Glucose is easier on the gut
92
if mom is breast feeding what vitamin do u want to give the baby as a supplement
vitamin D
93
foods that are fortified with ___ you should give a infant after 6 months of life ..Why?
iron. babies are born with all the iron they need for the first 6 months of their life
94
avoid foods with what to give to babies
a lot of added sugar, salt, and seasonings
95
why should u introduce peanuts to babies by 4-11 months
allergy screening
96
what type of schedule should you follow when giving your baby new foods to see if they have an allergy
around 4 days...if that's hard at least to do a day so you know what food really gave them that allergy.
97
what fluids should you give the baby the first year of life
breast milk or formula
98
how many meals should you give your baby per day
3-5
99
don't use _____ dairy, due to the risk of food borne illnesses
unpasteurized
100

Nursing Nutrition (3 decks)

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