Nutrition Midterm

Question 1

What influences Palatability?

Answer 1

Odor, temperature, texture, shape, fat content, water content, salt content

Question 2

What are Macronutrients?

Answer 2

Supply energy - Carbs, Protein, Fat

Question 3

What are Micronutrients?

Answer 3

Don’t supply energy - Vitamins, Minerals, Water

Question 4

How do animals excrete water?

Answer 4

Urination, Defecation, Respiration

Question 5

What are water-soluble vitamins?

Answer 5

C, B

Question 6

What are fat-soluble vitamins?

Answer 6

A,D,E,K

Question 7

Where are fat-soluble vitamins stored?

Answer 7

Liver, Fat

Question 8

Define By-Product

Answer 8

The non-rendered, clean parts, other than meat, derived from slaughtered mammals

Question 9

Define Cachexia

Answer 9

Muscle wasting due to disease

Question 10

Define Sarcopenia

Answer 10

Loss of muscle mass unrelated to disease

Question 11

What percentage of daily calories can come from treats?

Answer 11

10%

Question 12

What is the formula to calculate RER?

Answer 12

70(BW in kg)^0.75

Question 13

What is the formula for daily water intake?

Answer 13

1.6 x RER or, 60-80ml/kg per day 

Question 14

What are the most energy demanding life-stages?

Answer 14

Growth, Gestation, Lactation

Question 15

What is the rate of recurrence of urinary stones in cats?

Answer 15

50%

Question 16

What percent of dehydration puts an animal at risk for death?

Answer 16

15%

Question 17

What is the primary site for water absorption?

Answer 17

Large Intestine

Question 18

What is the primary site for nutrient absorption and digestion?

Answer 18

The small intestines

Question 19

What percentage of birthweight should newborn puppies gain daily?

Answer 19

10-15%

Question 20

What is the average gestation period for dogs?

Answer 20

~63 days

Question 21

How is FIC diagnosed?

Answer 21

Diagnosis of exclusion

Question 22

What ingredients need to be reduced with kidney disease?

Answer 22

Phosphorous, Sodium, Protein

Question 23

What are common risk factors associated with raw feeding?

Answer 23

Bacterial contamination, Foreign body ingestion, nutritional imbalance, immune-compromised people or animals in the house

Question 24

The digestive tract is responsible for

Answer 24

Ingestion, digestion, absorption, metabolism, excretion

Question 25

Define Digestibility

Answer 25

Amount of nutrients in a food available for absorption after digestion

Question 26

What parts of the digestive tract are responsible for mechanical digestion?

Answer 26

Mouth (mastication), GI movements (peristalsis)

Question 27

What dietary option is the most appropriate for an elimination diet trial and why?

Answer 27

Hydrolyzed diet - proteins are broken down small enough to not elicit an allergic response from the body

Question 28

What WBC is responsible for causing the itch response?

Answer 28

Mast cells

Question 29

On a BCS from 1-9, where should an animal be for ideal body condition?

Answer 29

4 - 5

Question 30

On a BCS from 1-9, at which number is an animal considered overweight?

Answer 30

6

Question 31

What are the 3 ways to evaluate BCS?

Answer 31

Abdominal tuck, palpable waist, palpable ribs under a thin layer of fat

Question 32

What are the key benefits to a therapeutic urinary diet?

Answer 32

Controlled mineral content, dilution of the bladder to flush out debris, controlled pH to prevent crystal precipitation

Question 33

FLUTD (LUTS) occurs most commonly in cats between what age?

Answer 33

2y - 6y

Question 34

What are the sections of the small intestine?

Answer 34

Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum

Question 35

What are the sections of the large intestine?

Answer 35

cecum, colon, rectum, anus

Question 36

What does an AAFCO statement tell us about our pet food?

Answer 36

Ensures that manufactured pet foods are formulated, or test fed to be complete and balanced and that they meet the animal’s needs for their life-stage

Question 37

What are some benefits of dietary Carbohydrates?

Answer 37

Fast energy source, provides fiber to feed healthy gut bacteria

Question 38

Soluble fiber does what?

Answer 38

Absorbs water, increases satiety, regulates motility, helps with constipation

Question 39

Insoluble fiber does what?

Answer 39

Does not absorb water, increases satiety, increases fecal bulk, stimulates motility

Question 40

What are some benefits of dietary fats?

Answer 40

Improves palatability, carries fat-soluble vitamins, provides dense energy, skin and coat health, decreases inflammation, aids in brain development

Question 41

What are some benefits of dietary protein?

Answer 41

Build and repair tissues, provides essential amino acids, creates enzymes and hormones

Question 42

What are the 2 most common crystals/stones found in dogs and cats?

Answer 42

Struvite and Calcium Oxalate

Question 43

After whelping, how long does it take for Colostrum to change into milk?

Answer 43

24h, important for puppies to latch and nurse within this time to get the nutrients and immunity from colostrum

Question 44

Which nutrients are important to limit in therapeutic renal diets?

Answer 44

Phosphorous, Protein, Sodium