Nutrition/Supplements

Question 1

Define Nutrients

Answer 1

biochemical substances used by the body for growth, development, activity, reproduction, lactation, health maintenance, and recovery from illness or injury

Question 2

Nutrients that supply energy

Answer 2

carbohydrates
protein
lipids (fats)

Question 3

nutrients that regulate body processes

Answer 3

vitamins
minerals
water

Question 4

Basal metabolic rate (BMR)

Answer 4

number of calories required to fuel the involuntary activities that of the body at rest after 12 hours

Question 5

Males have higher BMR due to

Answer 5

larger muscle mass

Question 6

factors that increase BMR

Answer 6

growth
infections
fever
emotional tension
extreme environmental temperatures
elevated levels of certain hormones

Question 7

Factors that can decrease BMR

Answer 7

Aging
prolonged fasting
sleep
very low-calorie diet

Question 8

BMI

Answer 8

Ratio of weight (weight x height)
can be used an initial assessment of nutritional status
provides an estimate of body fat

Question 9

waist to hip ratio (WHR)

Answer 9

tool used to identify central obesity

Question 10

Carbohydrates

Answer 10

sugars and starches
organic compounds composed of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen
primary function - supply energy
simple or complex
recommended as 45 to 60 % of total calories for adults
digested easier and quicker
converted to glucose for transport via blood
Liver stores the glucose and regulates entry into blood

Question 11

As income increases carbohydrate intake…

Answer 11

decreases

Question 12

Protein

Answer 12

vital component of every living cell; required for formation of all body structures
22 amino acids
dietary protein is broken down into amino acids by pancreatic enzymes in the small intestine

Question 13

Red meat is an example of a _________ protein?

Answer 13

complete protein

Question 14

Fats

Answer 14

insoluble in water and blood
95% of lipids in diet are triglycerides
Saturated/Unsaturated
digested largely in the small intestine
most concentrated source of energy in the diet

Question 15

Trans fat

Answer 15

An unsaturated fat formed artificially during hydrogenation of oils
raises serum cholesterol
containing one or more trans double bonds

Question 16

Fat soluble vitamins

Answer 16

Stored in the body’s fat
Vitamins A, D, E, K

Question 17

Water soluble vitamins

Answer 17

Not stored in the body
B vitamins and vitamin C

Question 18

Vitamin A

Answer 18

affects visual acuity, skin and mucous membranes, and immune function

Question 19

Essential Nutrients

Answer 19

not synthesized in the body - or are made in insufficient amounts
must be provided via diet or supplements

Question 20

Vitamin D

Answer 20

provides calcium and phosphorus metabolism and stimulates calcium absorption

Question 21

Vitamin E

Answer 21

antioxidant that protects Vitamin A.

Question 22

Vitamin K

Answer 22

helps the synthesis of certain proteins necessary for blood clotting

Question 23

Macrominerals

Answer 23

calcium
phosphorus
magnesium
sodium
potassium
chloride
sulfur

Question 24

Microminerals

Answer 24

iron
zinc
manganese
fluoride
copper
chromium
iodine

Question 25

Water

Answer 25

between 50 and 60% of adult’s total weight
2/3 of body water contained within intracellular fluid (ICF)
1/3 = Extracellular (ECF) (Plasma, interstitial fluid)
acts as solvent and aids in digestion, absorption, circulation, and excretion

Question 26

Water is more vital to life then food because

Answer 26

it provides the medium necessary for all chemical reactions and it is not stored in the body.

Question 27

Physiologic and physical factors that affect nutrition

Answer 27

stage of development
stage of health
medications

Question 28

social determinants of health that affect nutrition

Answer 28

economic stability
health care access and quality
social and community context
education access and quality
neighborhood and built environments

Question 29

What increases nutritional needs

Answer 29

infancy
adolescence
pregnancy
lactation
activity

Question 30

components of nutritional assessment

Answer 30

hx: dietary, medications, socioeconomic data
physical: anthropometric and clinical data
biochemical: protein status, body vitamin, mineral, and trace element status