Nutritional Abnormalities Flashcards
(29 cards)
Vitamins that must be measured as derivatives/metabolites
B6 (pyridoxial 5 phosphate)
B12 (serum test is available, but can also test for MMA or homocysteine)
Vitamins than cannot be directly measured
Calcium, sodium, vitamin K
Elements of Thiamine (B1 deficiency)
Dry Beriberi
Wet Beriberi (w/CHF)
Wernicke’s encephalopathy
Korsakoff psychosis
Elements of Beriberi (thiamine deficiency)
Peripheral neuropahty wrist/foot drop (also seen in lead poisoning) Ataxia (also seen in lead poisoning) angular stomatitis CHF in wet only
Vitamin deficiency that results in hyperseg neutrophils
Folate
Vitamin deficiency with decreased vibratory and position sense
B12
Vitamin deficiency associated with hyperkeratosis and artrhralgia
Vitamin C
Vitamin deficiency associated with follicular hyperplasia
Vitamin C OR Vitamin A (B-cell hyperplasia
Vitamin deficiency associated with nystagmus and opthalmoplegia
B12
Symptoms of folate Vitamin deficiency
Macrocytic hypochromic anemia Hypersegmented neutrophils sore tongue diarrhea depression neural tube defects in fetus
Symptoms of B12 Vitamin deficiency
Opthalmoplegia Nystagmus Macrocytic anemia Demyelination Dementia Loss of positional and vibrational senses Cheilosis
Vitamin deficiency associated with muscle weakness
potassium, vitamin D
Vitamin deficiencies associated with dementia
Thiamine (wernicke’s)
Niacin (3 D’s)
B12 (demyelination)
Wernicke’s Encephalopathy features
Mental status changes
Delirium
Nystagmus or opthalmoplegia
axaxia or tremor
Korsakoff is a progression to confabulation
Vitamin deficiency associated with muscle spasms/tetany
Calcium, magnesium
Vitamins deficient in a vegan diet
B12, zinc, calcium, vitamin D
Vitamins deficient in an alcoholic diet
B1, B6, B12, folate, C
Vitamins commonly deficient in elderly
Vitamin C and folate (no fresh foods)
Zinc (eat lots of grains and little meat)
Vitamin D (little sun exposure)
Causes of secondary losses of magnesium
Diarrhea
Diuretics
Diabetes (urinary losses)
Alcoholics
Vitamin deficiency in gastric bypass
Bypasses the stomach and duodenum B12 Iron Calcium ADEK (duodenum has pancreatic enzymes, same reason ADEK is low in celiac)
Vitamins deficient in blind loop syndrome
B12 and ADEK
Vitamins deficient in smokers due to altered metabolism
C, E, folate
Vitamins deficient due to altered metabolism in cancer patients
A, C, folate, thiamin, iron, zinc
Vitamins deficient in patients with liver disease
Iron, K, copper, selenium, magnesium, zinc, potassium