Nutritional Consideration in Children

Question 1

______ and ______ need more nutrients relative to their size to support growth, development, and physical activity.

Answer 1

Children, adolescents

Question 2

Eating patterns formed in childhood impact both ______ and ______ health.

Answer 2

short-term, long-term

Question 3

Proper nutrition supports the growth and maintenance of ______, including those in the ______.

Answer 3

tissues, oral cavity

Question 4

Inadequate nutrition can lead to oral health issues like ______, ______, ______, and ______.

Answer 4

dental caries, infections, erosion, soft-tissue lesions

Question 5

Poor oral health can result in nutritional ______, affecting ______ gain and overall ______.

Answer 5

deficiencies, weight, development

Question 6

______, ______, ______, and ______ each have distinct nutrient and energy needs.

Answer 6

Infancy, preschool years, childhood, adolescence

Question 7

Growth Patterns:

______: Rapid growth and development.

Answer 7

Infancy

Question 8

Growth Patterns:

______: Growth slows over the next 10 years.

Answer 8

Childhood

Question 9

Growth Patterns:

______: Growth accelerates again during puberty.

Answer 9

Adolescence

Question 10

Height growth stops around ______ years for girls and ______ years for boys, but ______ and ______ development continue into adulthood.

Answer 10

16, 18, muscle, bone

Question 11

______ and ______ develop uniquely throughout childhood and adolescence.

Answer 11

Skeletal system, dentition

Question 12

Matching food intake with activity levels is crucial to avoid ______.

Answer 12

weight imbalances

Question 13

Rapid weight gain beyond reference standards is linked to a higher risk of ______.

Answer 13

obesity

Question 14

Infants obtain essential energy and nutrients during the ______ period and early ______.

Answer 14

weaning, childhood

Question 15

Mastication Development:

Learning to chew is a complex process involving ______ and ______.

Answer 15

oral anatomy changes, neuromuscular coordination

Question 16

Mastication Development:

It is not solely dependent on the emergence of ______ but requires ______ development.

Answer 16

teeth, fine motor skill

Question 17

Role of Mastication in Digestion:

Prepares food for safe ______ and ______.

Answer 17

swallowing, digestion

Question 18

Role of Mastication in Digestion:

Enhances ______ and ______.

Answer 18

enzymatic breakdown, nutrient absorption

Question 19

Role of Mastication in Digestion:

Helps regulate ______, ______, and ______.

Answer 19

energy intake, eating behaviors, satiety responses

Question 20

Role of Mastication in Digestion:

Answer 20

• Prepares food for safe swallowing and digestion.
• Enhances enzymatic breakdown and nutrient absorption.
• Helps regulate energy intake, eating behaviors, and satiety responses.

Question 21

Learning Feeding Skills:

Feeding skills for mastication and swallowing must be ______, not ______.

Answer 21

learned, innate

Question 22

Learning Feeding Skills:

Involves changes in ______, ______, and ______.

Answer 22

oral volume, dentition, fine motor control

Question 23

Transition to Independent Feeding:

Moves from parent-dependent ______ to self-led eating of ______, ______ foods.

Answer 23

milk feeding, textured, complex

Question 24

Transition to Independent Feeding:

Progresses through ______, ______, ______, ______, and eventually ______.

Answer 24

suckling, sucking, biting, munching, chewing

Question 25

Successfully developing ______ and ______ skills is crucial for meeting nutritional needs and supporting proper growth and development.

Answer 25

chewing, food processing

Question 26

Development of Oral Anatomy and Mastication in Infancy & Early Childhood Oral Anatomy Changes (______–______ Months)

Answer 26

0, 24

Question 27

Development of Oral Anatomy and Mastication in Infancy & Early Childhood Oral Anatomy Changes (0–24 Months): Newborns have an oral structure suited for ______.

Answer 27

suckling

Question 28

Development of Oral Anatomy and Mastication in Infancy & Early Childhood Oral Anatomy Changes (0–24 Months): By ______ months, oral anatomy transitions to support mastication and swallowing of complex textures.

Answer 28

24

Question 29

Development of Oral Anatomy and Mastication in Infancy & Early Childhood Oral Anatomy Changes (0–24 Months): Growth affects ______, ______, ______, and ______.

Answer 29

soft tissues, bones, teeth, neuromuscular coordination

Question 30

Development of Oral Anatomy and Mastication in Infancy & Early Childhood Early Oral Anatomy & Suckling Mechanisms: Fat deposits in lips, cheeks, and tongue help with ______ and ______.

Answer 30

central positioning, suction

Question 31

Development of Oral Anatomy and Mastication in Infancy & Early Childhood Early Oral Anatomy & Suckling Mechanisms: Reduces ______ and aids in ______ to clear unwanted materials.

Answer 31

choking risk, tongue propulsion

Question 32

Development of Oral Anatomy and Mastication in Infancy & Early Childhood Transition to Complementary Foods: Tongue and lips ______, improving ______ and ______.

Answer 32

elongate, food movement, bolus formation

Question 33

Development of Oral Anatomy and Mastication in Infancy & Early Childhood Transition to Complementary Foods: ______ expands as ______ reduces and ______ grow.

Answer 33

Oral volume, cheek fat, jawbones

Question 34

Development of Oral Anatomy and Mastication in Infancy & Early Childhood Transition to Complementary Foods: ______ aid in positioning food for ______ and ______.

Answer 34

Soft tissues, grinding, mastication

Question 35

Development of Oral Anatomy and Mastication in Infancy & Early Childhood Dentition Development & Mastication: ______ aligns with growing ability to process complex food textures.

Answer 35

Tooth eruption

Question 36

Development of Oral Anatomy and Mastication in Infancy & Early Childhood Dentition Development & Mastication: Teeth improve ______ and contribute to ______.

Answer 36

chewing efficiency, palate extension

Question 37

Development of Oral Anatomy and Mastication in Infancy & Early Childhood Dentition Development & Mastication: Proper ______ enhances mastication ability.

Answer 37

occlusal alignment

Question 38

Development of Oral Anatomy and Mastication in Infancy & Early Childhood Muscle Development & Coordination: Jaw movement involves ______, ______, and ______ muscles.

Answer 38

masseter, temporalis, digastric

Question 39

Development of Oral Anatomy and Mastication in Infancy & Early Childhood Muscle Development & Coordination: Neural control of ______, ______, and ______ adapts with experience.

Answer 39

respiration, sucking, mastication

Question 40

Development of Oral Anatomy and Mastication in Infancy & Early Childhood Muscle Development & Coordination: Breastfeeding up to ______ months improves ______ muscle development.

Answer 40

12, orofacial

Question 41

Development of Oral Anatomy and Mastication in Infancy & Early Childhood Muscle Development & Coordination: Chewing requires coordination of ______ muscle pairs and ______ cranial nerve systems.

Answer 41

26, 5

Question 42

Development of Oral Anatomy and Mastication in Infancy & Early Childhood Progression of Feeding Skills: ______–______ months: Liquid diet, suckling in supine position.

Answer 42

0, 6

Question 43

Development of Oral Anatomy and Mastication in Infancy & Early Childhood Progression of Feeding Skills: ______–______ months: Can sit upright, start spoon-feeding with semi-solids.

Answer 43

5, 6

Question 44

Development of Oral Anatomy and Mastication in Infancy & Early Childhood Progression of Feeding Skills: ______: Use lips to remove ______, rely on "______" (vertical tongue movements).

Answer 44

Early feeding, purees, munching

Question 45

Development of Oral Anatomy and Mastication in Infancy & Early Childhood Progression of Feeding Skills: ______: Begin learning to bite.

Answer 45

With incisors

Question 46

Experience-Dependent Mastication Development: • Exposure to ______ influences chewing muscle development.

Answer 46

food textures

Question 47

Experience-Dependent Mastication Development: • Infants adjust chewing sequences based on ______.

Answer 47

food texture feedback

Question 48

Experience-Dependent Mastication Development: • ______–______ months: Increased chewing efficiency, fewer chews per bite.

Answer 48

6, 10

Question 49

Experience-Dependent Mastication Development: • ______+ months: Munching overtakes sucking, textured foods introduced.

Answer 49

10

Question 50

Experience-Dependent Mastication Development: • ______–______ years: Lateral and diagonal jaw movements develop for chewing.

Answer 50

1, 2

Question 51

Experience-Dependent Mastication Development: • End goal: Mastery of ______ for efficient mastication.

Answer 51

rotary chewing

Question 52

Experience-Dependent Mastication Development: • Bite force increases with ______ as ______ mature.

Answer 52

age, masticatory muscles

Question 53

Experience-Dependent Mastication Development: • Efficiency depends on ______ and ______, not just bite force.

Answer 53

muscle thickness, periodontal health

Question 54

Food Texture Acceptance & Development: Infants progress from sticky textures (______ months) → harder foods (______ months) → raw pieces (______ months).

Answer 54

8, 12, 18

Question 55

Food Texture Acceptance & Development: Chewing develops by ______ months and is fully established by ______ months.

Answer 55

8, 10

Question 56

Food Texture Acceptance & Development: Early texture challenges enhance ______ and acceptance of ______.

Answer 56

oral skills, complex textures

Question 57

Implications for Feeding and Oral Development: ______ of complementary food introduction is key for oral and feeding skill development.

Answer 57

Timing

Question 58

Implications for Feeding and Oral Development: Efficient mastication reduces ______ and improves ______ (ages ______–______).

Answer 58

chew cycles, food processing, 2, 4

Question 59

Implications for Feeding and Oral Development: Delayed exposure to harder textures may lead to ______ and ______.

Answer 59

feeding difficulties, texture aversions

Question 60

Food Texture & Oral Development: Exposing Children to Varied Textures • Experiential learning with different textures promotes ______ and ______.

Answer 60

oral development, food acceptance

Question 61

Food Texture & Oral Development: Exposing Children to Varied Textures • Soft-food diets can delay ______, ______, and ______.

Answer 61

masticatory efficiency, tooth alignment, feeding skills

Question 62

Food Texture & Oral Development: Exposing Children to Varied Textures • Early introduction to textured foods (after ______ ends at ~______ months) improves later texture acceptance.

Answer 62

tongue protrusion, 4

Question 63

Food Texture & Oral Development: Exposing Children to Varied Textures Delayed exposure (past ______ months) increases feeding difficulties.

Answer 63

10

Question 64

Food Texture & Eating Behavior • WHO recommends exclusive breastfeeding for ______ months, but early texture introduction may improve dietary variety.

Answer 64

6

Question 65

Food Texture & Eating Behavior • ______ foods with ______ encourage tongue movement and oral dexterity.

Answer 65

Puréed, soft lumps

Question 66

Food Texture & Eating Behavior • Long-term soft food consumption weakens ______ and impacts ______ development.

Answer 66

chewing muscles, jaw/tongue

Question 67

Food Texture & Eating Behavior • Gradual introduction of ______ textures prevents aversions and improves feeding skills.

Answer 67

lumpier

Question 68

Eating Behaviors, Energy Intake & Growth (Ages 3-6) • Role of ______ & ______

Answer 68

Dentition, Feeding Skills

Question 69

Eating Behaviors, Energy Intake & Growth (Ages 3-6) • Early feeding behaviors shape long-term ______ and ______.

Answer 69

food preferences, energy intake

Question 70

Eating Behaviors, Energy Intake & Growth (Ages 3-6) • Higher ______ in infancy are linked to early weight gain.

Answer 70

nutritive suckling rates

Question 71

Eating Speed & Obesity Risk • Faster eaters consume more ______ and ______, leading to higher ______.

Answer 71

food, calories, BMI

Question 72

Eating Speed & Obesity Risk • The ______ study found that rapid eaters consumed ______% more energy per meal.

Answer 72

GUSTO, 75

Question 73

Eating Speed & Obesity Risk • Fast eating habits often persist into ______ and contribute to ______.

Answer 73

adulthood, obesity

Question 74

Genetics & Environmental Factors • Eating rate is partially ______ and linked to ______ and ______.

Answer 74

heritable, impulse control, metabolism

Question 75

Genetics & Environmental Factors • ______ (e.g., food restriction, encouragement) influence eating speed.

Answer 75

Parental feeding practices

Question 76

Genetics & Environmental Factors • ______ experience more feeding control than ______, which can increase eating rate.

Answer 76

Girls, boys